Azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates, in part, to ternary azeotropic compositions and mixtures including chlorotrifluoropropene, methanol, and a third component selected from isohexane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and petroleum ether. The present invention further relates to ternary azeotropic compositions and mixtures including chlorotrifluoropropene, cyclopentane, and a alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/593,323, filed Aug. 23, 2012, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 61/642,907, filed on May 4, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

This application is also a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/298,483, filed Nov. 17, 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/605,609, filed Oct. 26, 2009, (now U.S. Pat. No. 8,163,196) which claims the priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/109,007, filed Oct. 28, 2008, and which is also a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/259,694, filed Oct. 28, 2008, (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,935,268) the contents each of which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of Invention

The present invention relates generally to compositions comprising 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. More specifically, the present invention provides azeotrope-like compositions comprising 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and uses thereof.

2. Description of Related Art

Fluorocarbon based fluids, including chlorofluorocarbons (“CFCs”) or hydrochlorofluorocarbons (“HCFCs”), have properties that are desirable in industrial refrigerants, blowing agents, heat transfer media, solvents, gaseous dielectrics, and other applications. For these applications, the use of single component fluids or azeotrope-like mixtures, i.e., those which do not substantially fractionate on boiling and evaporation, are particularly desirable.

Unfortunately, suspected environmental problems, such as global warming and ozone depletion, have been attributed to the use of some of these fluids, thereby limiting their contemporary use. Hydrofluoroolefins (“HFOs”) have been proposed as possible replacements for such CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs. However, the identification of new, environmentally-safe, non-fractionating mixtures comprising HFOs are complicated due to the fact that azeotrope formation is not readily predictable. Therefore, industry is continually seeking new HFO-based mixtures that are acceptable and environmentally safer substitutes for CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs. This invention satisfies these needs among others.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

Applicants have discovered the formation of certain azeotrope-like compositions that are formed upon mixing 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (“HFO-1233zd”) with a second and, optionally, third component selected from a C₁-C₃ alcohol, a C₅-C₆ hydrocarbon, cyclopentene, a halogenated hydrocarbon (e.g. 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane), water, petroleum ether and nitromethane. In further aspects, Applicants have discovered the formation of certain ternary azeotrope-like compositions that are formed upon mixing 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (particularly its cis isomer), methanol, and a third component including one of isohexane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. Applicants have also discovered the formation of certain binary azeotrope-like compositions that are formed upon mixing 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (particularly its cis isomer) and petroleum ether. Applicants have further discovered the formation of certain ternary azeotrope-like compositions that are formed upon mixing 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (particularly its cis isomer), cyclopentane and a C₁-C₃ alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol.

Preferred azeotrope-like mixtures of the invention exhibit characteristics which make them particularly desirable for number of applications, including as refrigerants, as blowing agents in the manufacture of insulating foams, and as solvents in a number of cleaning and other applications, including in aerosols and other sprayable compositions. In particular, applicants have recognized that these compositions tend to exhibit relatively low global warming potentials (“GWPs”), preferably less than about 1000, more preferably less than about 500, and even more preferably less than about 150.

Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention involves a composition comprising a binary or ternary azeotrope-like mixture provided herein and, optionally, one or more of the following: co-blowing agent, co-solvent, active ingredient, and additive such as lubricants, stabilizers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, and flammability suppressants. In certain preferred embodiments, nitromethane is included in the mixture as a stabilizer. In certain embodiments, nitromethane also contributes to the azeotrope-like properties of the composition.

Another aspect of the invention provides a blowing agent comprising at least about 15 wt. % of an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein, and, optionally, co-blowing agents, fillers, vapor pressure modifiers, flame suppressants, and stabilizers. Another aspect of the invention provides a solvent for use in vapor degreasing, cold cleaning, wiping, solder flux cleaning, dry cleaning, and similar solvent applications comprising an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein.

Another aspect of the invention provides a sprayable composition comprising an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein, an active ingredient, and, optionally, inert ingredients and/or solvents and aerosol propellants.

Yet another aspect of the invention provides closed cell foam comprising a polyurethane-, polyisocyanurate-, or phenolic-based cell wall and a cell gas disposed within at least a portion of the cell wall structure, wherein the cell gas comprises the azeotrope-like mixture as described herein.

According to another embodiment, provided is a polyol premix comprising the azeotrope-like mixture described herein.

According to another embodiment, provided is a foamable composition comprising the azeotrope-like mixture described herein.

According to another embodiment, provided is a method for producing thermoset foam comprising (a) adding a blowing agent comprising an azeotrope-like composition provided herein to a foamable mixture comprising a thermosetting resin; (b) reacting said foamable mixture to produce a thermoset foam; and (c) volatilizing said azeotrope-like composition during said reacting.

According to another embodiment, provided is a method for producing thermoplastic foam comprising (a) adding a blowing agent comprising an azeotrope-like composition provided herein to a foamable mixture comprising a thermoplastic resin; (b) reacting said foamable mixture to produce a thermoplastic foam; and (c) volatilizing said azeotrope-like composition during said reacting.

According to another embodiment, provided is a thermoplastic foam having a cell wall comprising a thermoplastic polymer and a cell gas comprising an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein. Preferably, the thermoplastic foam comprises a cell gas having an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein and having a cell wall constructed of a thermoplastic polymer selected from polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polytheyeneterephthalate or combinations thereof.

According to another embodiment, provided is a thermoset foam having a cell wall comprising a thermosetting polymer and a cell gas comprising an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein. Preferably, the thermoset foam comprises a cell gas having an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein and a cell wall comprising a thermoset polymer selected from polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, phenolic, epoxy, or combinations thereof.

According to another embodiment of the invention, provided is a refrigerant comprising an azeotrope-like mixture as described herein. Such refrigerants may be used in any refrigerant system known in the art, particularly, though not exclusively, systems that employ a refrigerant to provide heating or cooling. Such refrigeration systems include, but are not limited to, air conditioners, electric refrigerators, chillers (including chillers using centrifugal compressors), transport refrigeration systems, heat pump systems, commercial refrigeration systems and the like.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 illustrates the change in boiling point of a composition of cis-1233zd and methanol as trans-1,2-DCE is gradually added.

FIG. 2 illustrates the change in boiling point of a composition of cis-1233zd and methanol as isohexane is gradually added.

FIG. 3 illustrates the change in boiling point of a composition of cis-1233zd as petroleum ether is gradually added.

FIG. 4 illustrates the change in boiling point of a composition of cis-1233zd and cyclopentane as ethanol is gradually added.

FIG. 5 illustrates the change in boiling point of a composition of cis-1233zd and cyclopentane as isopropanol (IPA) is gradually added.

FIG. 6 illustrates the change in boiling point of a composition of cis-1233zd and cyclopentane as methanol is gradually added.

FIG. 7 illustrates the change in boiling point of a composition of cis-1233zd and methanol as isohexane is gradually added.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

According to certain embodiments, the present invention provides binary and ternary azeotrope-like compositions comprising, and preferably consisting essentially of, HFO-1233zd and one or two of a C₁-C₃ alcohol, a C₅-C₆ hydrocarbon, cyclopentene, a halogenated hydrocarbon selected from 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, petroleum ether, nitromethane, or water. Thus, the present invention overcomes the aforementioned shortcomings by providing azeotrope-like compositions that are, in preferred embodiments, substantially free of CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs and have very low global warming potentials have low ozone depletion potential, and which exhibit relatively constant boiling point characteristics.

As used herein, the term “azeotrope-like” relates to compositions that are strictly azeotropic or that generally behave like azeotropic mixtures. An azeotropic mixture is a system of two or more components in which the liquid composition and vapor composition are equal at the stated pressure and temperature. In practice, this means that the components of an azeotropic mixture are constant-boiling or essentially constant-boiling and generally cannot be thermodynamically separated during a phase change. The vapor composition formed by boiling or evaporation of an azeotropic mixture is identical, or substantially identical, to the original liquid composition. Thus, the concentration of components in the liquid and vapor phases of azeotrope-like compositions change only minimally, if at all, as the composition boils or otherwise evaporates. In contrast, boiling or evaporating non-azeotropic mixtures changes the component concentrations in the liquid phase to a significant degree.

As used herein, the term “consisting essentially of,” with respect to the components of an azeotrope-like composition, means the composition contains the indicated components in an azeotrope-like ratio, and may contain additional components provided that the additional components do not form new azeotrope-like systems. For example, azeotrope-like mixtures consisting essentially of two compounds are those that form binary azeotropes, which optionally may include one or more additional components, provided that the additional components do not render the mixture non-azeotropic and do not form an azeotrope with either or both of the compounds.

The term “effective amounts” as used herein refers to the amount of each component which, upon combination with the other component, results in the formation of an azeotrope-like composition of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the term HFO-1233zd means the cis-isomer, the trans-isomer, or some mixture thereof.

As used herein, the term cis-HFO-1233zd with respect to a component of an azeotrope-like mixture, means the amount cis-HFO-1233zd relative to all isomers of HFO-1233zd in azeotrope-like compositions is at least about 95%, more preferably at least about 98%, even more preferably at least about 99%, even more preferably at least about 99.9%. In certain preferred embodiments, the cis-HFO-1233zd component in azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention is essentially pure cis-HFO-1233zd.

As used herein, the term trans-HFO-1233zd with respect to a component of an azeotrope-like mixture, means the amount trans-HFO-1233zd relative to all isomers of HFO-1233zd in azeotrope-like compositions is at least about 95%, more preferably at least about 98%, even more preferably at least about 99%, even more preferably at least about 99.9%. In certain preferred embodiments, the trans-HFO-1233zd component in azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention is essentially pure trans-HFO-1233zd.

As used herein, the term “ambient pressure” with respect to boiling point data means the atmospheric pressure surrounding the relevant medium. In general, ambient pressure is 14.7 psia, but could vary +/−0.5 psi.

The azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be produced by combining effective amounts of HFO-1233zd with one or more other components, preferably in fluid form. Any of a wide variety of methods known in the art for combining two or more components to form a composition can be adapted for use in the present methods. For example, HFO-1233zd and methanol can be mixed, blended, or otherwise combined by hand and/or by machine, as part of a batch or continuous reaction and/or process, or via combinations of two or more such steps. In light of the disclosure herein, those of skill in the art will be readily able to prepare azeotrope-like compositions according to the present invention without undue experimentation.

Fluoropropenes, such as CF₃CCl═CH₂, can be produced by known methods such as catalytic vapor phase fluorination of various saturated and unsaturated halogen-containing C3 compounds, including the method described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,889,379; 4,798,818 and 4,465,786, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

EP 974,571, also incorporated herein by reference, discloses the preparation of 1,1,1,3-chlorotrifluoropropene by contacting 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) in the vapor phase with a chromium based catalyst at elevated temperature, or in the liquid phase with an alcoholic solution of KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)2 or Mg(OH)2. The end product is approximately 90% by weight of the trans isomer and 10% by weight cis. Preferably, the cis isomers are substantially separated from the trans forms so that the resultant preferred form of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene is more enriched in the cis isomer. Because the cis isomer has a boiling point of about 40° C. in contrast with the trans isomer boiling point of about 20° C., the two can easily be separated by any number of distillation methods known in the art. However, a preferred method is batch distillation. According to this method, a mixture of cis and trans 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene is charged to the reboiler. The trans isomer is removed in the overhead leaving the cis isomer in the reboiler. The distillation can also be run in a continuous distillation where the trans isomer is removed in the overhead and the cis isomer is removed in the bottom. This distillation process can yield about 99.9+% pure trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 99.9+% cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene.

In a preferred embodiments, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of HFO-1233zd and a C₁-C₃ alcohol. Preferably, the C₁-C₃ alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. In certain preferred embodiments, the HFO-1233zd is trans-HFO-1233zd. In certain other embodiments, the HFO-1233zd is cis-HFO-1233zd.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/Methanol Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and methanol. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 78 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 22 wt. % methanol, more preferably from about 85 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 15 wt. % methanol, and even more preferably from about 88 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 12 wt. % methanol.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 35.2±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Methanol Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 70 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.05 to about 30 wt. % methanol, more preferably from about 90 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.05 to about 10 wt. % methanol, and even more preferably from about 95 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % methanol.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/methanol compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of from about 17° C. to about 19° C., more preferably about 17° C. to about 18° C., even more preferably about 17° C. to about 17.5° C., and most preferably about 17.15° C.±1° C., all measured at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/Ethanol Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and ethanol. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 65 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 35 wt. % ethanol, more preferably from about 79 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 21 wt. % ethanol, and even more preferably from about 88 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 12 wt. % ethanol.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/ethanol compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 37.4° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Ethanol Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and ethanol. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 85 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 15 wt. % ethanol, more preferably from about 92 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 8 wt. % ethanol, and even more preferably from about 96 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 4 wt. % ethanol.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/ethanol compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 18.1° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/Isopropanol Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and isopropanol. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 85 to about 99.99 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 15 wt. % isopropanol, more preferably from about 88 to about 99.99 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.01 to about 12 wt. % isopropanol, and even more preferably from about 92 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 8 wt. % isopropanol.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/isopropanol compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 38.1° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Isopropanol Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and isopropanol. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 90 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % isopropanol, more preferably from about 94 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 6 wt. % isopropanol, and even more preferably from about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % isopropanol.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/isopropanol compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 17.9° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

In a preferred embodiments, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of HFO-1233zd and a C₅-C₆ hydrocarbon. Preferably, the C₅-C₆ hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, n-hexane, and isohexane. In certain preferred embodiments, the HFO-1233zd is trans-HFO-1233zd. In certain other embodiments, the HFO-1233zd is cis-HFO-1233zd.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/n-Pentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and n-pentane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 65 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.05 to about 35 wt. % n-pentane, more preferably from about 84 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 16 wt. % n-pentane, and even more preferably from about 92 to about 99.5 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 8 wt. % n-pentane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/n-pentane compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of from about 17° C. to about 19° C., more preferably about 17° C. to about 18° C., even more preferably about 17.3° C. to about 17.6° C., and most preferably about 17.4° C.±1° C., all measured at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/n-Pentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and n-pentane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 20 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 80 wt. % n-pentane, more preferably from about 50 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 50 wt. % n-pentane, and even more preferably from about 60 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 40 wt. % n-pentane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/n-pentane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 35° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Isopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and isopentane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 60 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.05 to about 40 wt. % isopentane, more preferably from about 70 to about 95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 5 to about 30 wt. % isopentane, and even more preferably from about 80 to about 90 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 10 to about 20 wt. % isopentane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/isopentane compositions of the present invention have a boiling of from about 15° C. to about 18° C., more preferably about 16° C. to about 17° C., even more preferably about 16.7° C. to about 16.9° C., and most preferably about 16.8° C.±1° C., all measured at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Neopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and neopentane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 5 to about 70 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 30 to about 95 wt. % neopentane, more preferably from about 15 to about 55 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 45 to about 85 wt. % neopentane, and even more preferably from about 20 to about 50 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 50 to about 80 wt. % neopentane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/neopentane compositions of the present invention have a boiling of from about 7.7° C. to about 8.4° C., more preferably about 7.7° C. to about 8.0° C., and most preferably about 7.7° C.±1° C., all measured at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/Neopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and neopentane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 5 to about 50 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 50 to about 95 wt. % neopentane, more preferably from about 20 to about 45 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 55 to about 80 wt. % neopentane, and even more preferably from about 30 to about 40 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 60 to about 70 wt. % neopentane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/neopentane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 8° C.±1° C.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Cyclopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and cyclopentane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % cyclopentane, more preferably from about 97 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 3 wt. % cyclopentane, and even more preferably from about 98 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 2 to about 98 wt. % cyclopentane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/cyclopentane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 17.5° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/Cyclopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and cyclopentane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 42 to about 99 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 1 to about 58 wt. % cyclopentane, more preferably from about 50 to about 95 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 5 to about 50 wt. % cyclopentane, and even more preferably from about 60 to about 93 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 7 to about 40 wt. % cyclopentane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/cyclopentane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 34.7° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Cyclopentene Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and cyclopentene. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % cyclopentene, more preferably from about 97 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 3 wt. % cyclopentene, and even more preferably from about 98 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 2 to about 98 wt. % cyclopentene.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/cyclopentene compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 18.1° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/n-Hexane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and n-hexane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 95 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % n-hexane, more preferably from about 97 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.01 to about 3 wt. % n-hexane, and even more preferably from about 97.2 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 2.8 wt. % n-hexane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/n-hexane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 17.4° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/n-Hexane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and n-hexane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 80 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 20 wt. % n-hexane, more preferably from about 90 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 10 wt. % n-hexane, and even more preferably from about 95 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 5 wt. % n-hexane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/n-hexane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 39° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Isohexane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and isohexane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 94.4 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 5.6 wt. % isohexane, more preferably from 96 wt. % to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.01 to about 4 wt. % isohexane, and even more preferably from about 97 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 3 wt. % isohexane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/isohexane compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of from about 17° C. to about 19° C., more preferably about 17° C. to about 18° C., even more preferably about 17.3° C. to about 17.6° C., and most preferably about 17.4° C.±1° C., all measured at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/Isohexane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and isohexane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 70 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 30 wt. % isohexane, more preferably from 85 wt. % to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 15 wt. % isohexane, and even more preferably from about 93 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.5 to about 7 wt. % isohexane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/isohexane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 37° C.±1° C.

In a preferred embodiments, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of HFO-1233zd and a hydrohalocarbon. Preferably, the hydrohalocarbon is selected from the group consisting of 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (trans-1,2-DCE). In certain preferred embodiments, the HFO-1233zd is trans-HFO-1233zd. In certain other embodiments, the HFO-1233zd is cis-HFO-1233zd.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/1-Chloropropane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and 1-chloropropane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 96 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 4 wt. % 1-chloropropane, more preferably from about 98 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 2 wt. % 1-chloropropane, and even more preferably from about 99 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 1 wt. % 1-chloropropane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/1-chloropropane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 18° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/2-Chloropropane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and 2-chloropropane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 94 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 6 wt. % 2-chloropropane, more preferably from about 97 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 3 wt. % 2-chloropropane, and even more preferably from about 99 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 1 wt. % 2-chloropropane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/2-chloropropane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 17.8° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/HFC-365mfc Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and HFC-365mfc. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 89 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 11 wt. % HFC-365mfc, more preferably from about 92.5 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 7.5 wt. % HFC-365mfc, and even more preferably from about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % HFC-365mfc.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/trans-1,2-DCE Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and trans-1,2-DCE. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 60 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 40 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE, more preferably from about 75 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.01 to about 25 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE, and even more preferably from about 95 weight percent to about 99.99 wt % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 5 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/trans-1,2-DCE compositions of the present invention have a boiling of from about 17° C. to about 19° C., more preferably about 17.5° C. to about 18.5° C., even more preferably about 17.5° C. to about 18° C., and most preferably about 17.8° C.±1° C., all measured at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/trans-1,2-DCE Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and trans-1,2-DCE. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 42 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 58 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE, more preferably from about 55 to about 99.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 45 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE, and even more preferably from about 65 weight percent to about 99 wt % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 1 to about 35 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/trans-1,2-DCE compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 37.0° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/methylal Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and methylal. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % methylal, more preferably from about 97 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 3 wt. % methylal, and even more preferably from about 98.5 weight percent to about 99.9 wt % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt. % methylal.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/methylal compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 17.3° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/methyl acetate Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and methyl acetate. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 90 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 10 wt. % methyl acetate, more preferably from about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % methyl acetate, and even more preferably from about 98.5 weight percent to about 99.9 wt % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 1.5 wt. % methyl acetate.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/methyl acetate compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 17.5° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/water Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and water. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 70 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.05 to about 30 wt. % water, more preferably from about 86 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.05 to about 14 wt. % water, and most preferably about 90 to about 99.95 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.05 to about 10 wt. % water.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/water compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 17.4° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Nitromethane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd and nitromethane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 98 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 2 wt. % nitromethane, more preferably from about 99 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and about 0.01 to about 1 wt. % nitromethane, and even more preferably from about 99.9 to about 99.99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.01 to about 0.1 wt. % nitromethane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/nitromethane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 17.4° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/Nitromethane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and nitromethane. More preferably, these binary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % nitromethane, more preferably from about 97 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 3 wt. % nitromethane, and even more preferably from about 99 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd and from about 0.1 to about 1 wt. % nitromethane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/nitromethane compositions of the present invention have a normal boiling point of about 39° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/trans-1,2-DCE/Methanol Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd, methanol, and trans-1,2-DCE. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 80 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.05 to about 15 wt. % methanol, and from about 0.05 to about 10 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE, even more preferably from about 90 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.05 to about 9 wt. % methanol, and about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE, and most preferably from about 95 to about 99.9 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.05 to about 5 wt. % methanol, and from about 0.05 to about 3 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/methanol/trans-1,2-DCE compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of from about 16.6° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure

Trans-HFO-1233zd/Methanol/n-Pentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd, methanol, and n-pentane. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 55 to about 99.90 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.05 to about 10 wt. % methanol, and from about 0.05 to about 35 wt. % n-pentane, even more preferably from about 79 to about 98 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.1 to about 5 wt. % methanol, and about 1.9 to about 16 wt. % n-pentane, and most preferably from about 88 to about 96 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.5 to about 4 wt. % methanol, and from about 3.5 to about 8 wt. % n-pentane.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/methanol/n-pentane compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of from about 17° C. to about 19° C., more preferably about 17° C. to about 18° C., even more preferably about 17.1° C. to about 17.6° C., and most preferably about 17.4° C.±1° C., all measured at a pressure of about 14 psia.

Trans-HFO-1233zd/n-Pentane/trans-1,2-DCE Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of trans-HFO-1233zd, n-pentane, and trans-1,2 DCE. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 85 to about 99.0 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 2.0 to about 4.5 wt. % n-pentane, and from about 0.01 to about 13 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and even more preferably from about 88 to about 99 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, about 3.0 to about 4.5 wt. % n-pentane, and from about 0.01 to about 9.0 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and most preferably from about 90 to about 96 wt. % trans-HFO-1233zd, from about 3.7 to about 4.0 wt. % n-pentane; and from about 0.01 to about 6.3 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE.

Preferably, the trans-HFO-1233zd/n-pentane/trans-1,2-DCE compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 19° C.±1° C. at ambient pressure.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/isohexane/trans-1,2-DCE Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd, isohexane, and trans-1,2 DCE. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 60 to about 80 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from greater than 0 to about 20 wt. % isohexane, and from about 20 to about 35 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and even more preferably from about 62 to about 72 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, about 0.01 to about 13 wt. % isohexane, and from about 25 to about 35 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and most preferably from about 64.1 to about 70 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.01 to about 8.5 wt. % isohexane; and from about 27.5 to about 30 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/isohexane/trans-1,2-DCE compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 36.3° C.±1° C. at a pressure of about 767 mmHg.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/ethanol/trans-1,2-DCE Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd, ethanol, and trans-1,2 DCE. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 60 to about 80 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from greater than 0 to about 20 wt. % ethanol, and from about 20 to about 35 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and even more preferably from about 62 to about 72 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, about 0.01 to about 13 wt. % ethanol, and from about 25 to about 35 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and most preferably from about 65 to about 70 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.01 to about 7.1 wt. % ethanol; and from about 27.9 to about 30 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/ethanol/trans-1,2-DCE compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 35.8° C.±1° C. at a pressure of about 767 mmHg.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol/isohexane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd, methanol, and isohexane. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 40.0 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.10 to about 10.0 wt. % methanol, and from greater than 0.0 to about 50.0 wt. % isohexane; and even more preferably from about 70.0 to about 88.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, about 2.0 to about 5.0 wt. % methanol, and from about 10.0 to about 25.0 wt. % isohexane; and most preferably from about 78.0 to about 88.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 2.0 to about 3.0 wt. % methanol; and from about 10.0 to about 19.0 wt. % isohexane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol/isohexane compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 34.0° C.±0.8° C. at a pressure of about 754.0 mm Hg.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd, methanol, and trans-1,2 DCE. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 50.0 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from 0.1 to about 10.0 wt. % methanol, and from greater than 0.0 to about 40.0 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and even more preferably from about 60.0 to about 88.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, about 2.0 to about 10.0 wt. % methanol, and from about 10.0 to about 30.0 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE; and most preferably from about 70.0 to about 85.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 2.0 to about 3.0 wt. % methanol; and from about 13.0 to about 27.0 wt. % trans-1,2-DCE.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol/trans-1,2-DCE compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 33.87° C.±0.9° C. at a pressure of about 750.50 mm Hg.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/petroleum ether Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd and petroleum ether. More preferably, this binary azeotrope-like composition consists essentially of about 50.0 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, and from greater than 0.1 to about 50.0 wt. % petroleum ether; and even more preferably from about 60.0 to about 85.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, and from about 15.0 to about 40.0 wt. % petroleum ether; and most preferably from about 67.5 to about 80.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, and from about 20.0 to about 32.5 wt. % petroleum ether.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/petroleum ether compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 32.24° C.±0.8° C. at a pressure of about 756.5 mmHg.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol/cyclopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd, methanol, and cyclopentane. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 45.0 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from 0.1 to about 20.0 wt. % methanol, and from greater than 0.0 to about 35.0 wt. % cyclopentane; and even more preferably from about 50.0 to about 85.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, about 0.5 to about 17.0 wt. % methanol, and from about 14.5 to about 33.0 wt. % cyclopentane; and most preferably from about 56.0 to about 76.5 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.5 to about 16.0 wt. % methanol; and from about 23.0 to about 28.0 wt. % cyclopentane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol/cyclopentane compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 31.54° C.±0.8° C. at a pressure of about 752.0 mm Hg.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/ethanol/cyclopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd, ethanol, and cyclopentane. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 45.0 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from 0.1 to about 20.0 wt. % ethanol, and from greater than 0.0 to about 35.0 wt. % cyclopentane; and even more preferably from about 50.0 to about 85.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, about 0.5 to about 15.0 wt. % ethanol, and from about 14.5 to about 35.0 wt. % cyclopentane; and most preferably from about 65.0 to about 80.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.5 to about 10.0 wt. % ethanol; and from about 19.5 to about 25.0 wt. % cyclopentane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/ethanol/cyclopentane compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 34.12° C.±0.5° C. at a pressure of about 763.5 mm Hg.

Cis-HFO-1233zd/isopropanol/cyclopentane Azeotrope-Like Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like composition comprises effective amounts of cis-HFO-1233zd, isopropanol, and cyclopentane. More preferably, these ternary azeotrope-like compositions consist essentially of about 50.0 to about 99.9 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from 0.1 to about 10.0 wt. % isopropanol, and from greater than 0.0 to about 40.0 wt. % cyclopentane; and even more preferably from about 50.0 to about 85.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, about 0.5 to about 10.0 wt. % isopropanol, and from about 14.5 to about 40.0 wt. % cyclopentane; and most preferably from about 65.0 to about 80.0 wt. % cis-HFO-1233zd, from about 0.5 to about 7.0 wt. % isopropanol; and from about 19.5 to about 28.0 wt. % cyclopentane.

Preferably, the cis-HFO-1233zd/isopropanol/cyclopentane compositions of the present invention have a boiling point of about 34.30° C.±0.5° C. at a pressure of about 748.2 mm Hg.

The azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention may further include a variety of optional additives including, but not limited to, lubricants, stabilizers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, flammability suppressants, and the like. Examples of suitable stabilizers include diene-based compounds, and/or phenol compounds, and/or epoxides selected from the group consisting of aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, alkenyl epoxides, and combinations of two or more thereof. Preferably, these optional additives do not affect the basic azeotrope-like characteristic of the composition.

Blowing Agents:

In another embodiment of the invention, provided are blowing agents comprising at least one azeotrope-like mixture described herein. Polymer foams are generally of two general classes: thermoplastic foams and thermoset foams.

Thermoplastic foams are produced generally via any method known in the art, including those described in Throne, Thermoplastic Foams, 1996, Sherwood Publishers, Hinkley, Ohio, or Klempner and Sendijarevic, Polymeric Foams and Foam Technology, 2^(nd) Edition 2004, Hander Gardner Publications. Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio. For example, extruded thermoplastic foams can be prepared by an extrusion process whereby a solution of blowing agent in molten polymer, formed in an extruder under pressure, is forced through an orifice onto a moving belt at ambient temperature or pressure or optionally at reduced pressure to aid in foam expansion. The blowing agent vaporizes and causes the polymer to expand. The polymer simultaneously expands and cools under conditions that give it enough strength to maintain dimensional stability at the time corresponding to maximum expansion. Polymers used for the production of extruded thermoplastic foams include, but are not limited to, polystyrene, polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE, and LLDPE), polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene vinyl acetate, and mixtures thereof. A number of additives are optionally added to the molten polymer solution to optimize foam processing and properties including, but not limited to, nucleating agents (e.g., talc), flame retardants, colorants, processing aids (e.g., waxes), cross linking agents, permeability modifiers, and the like. Additional processing steps such as irradiation to increase cross linking, lamination of a surface film to improve foam skin quality, trimming and planning to achieve foam dimension requirements, and other processes may also be included in the manufacturing process.

In general, the blowing agent may include the azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention in widely ranging amounts. It is generally preferred, however, that the blowing agents comprise at least about 15% by weight of the blowing agent. In certain preferred embodiments, the blowing agent comprises at least about 50% by weight of the present compositions, and in certain embodiments the blowing agent consists essentially of the present azeotrope-like composition. In certain preferred embodiments, the blowing agent includes, in addition to the present azeotrope-like mixtures, one or more co-blowing agents, fillers, vapor pressure modifiers, flame suppressants, stabilizers, and like adjuvants.

In certain preferred embodiments, the blowing agent is characterized as a physical (i.e., volatile) blowing agent comprising the azeotrope-like mixture of the present invention. In general, the amount of blowing agent present in the blended mixture is dictated by the desired foam densities of the final foams products and by the pressure and solubility limits of the process. For example, the proportions of blowing agent in parts by weight can fall within the range of about 1 to about 45 parts, more preferably from about 4 to about 30 parts, of blowing agent per 100 parts by weight of polymer. The blowing agent may comprise additional components mixed with the azeotrope-like composition, including chlorofluorocarbons such as trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12), hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), hydrofluorocarbons such as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a), 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc), hydrocarbons such as propane, butane, isobutane, cyclopentane, carbon dioxide, chlorinated hydrocarbons alcohols, ethers, ketones and mixtures thereof.

In certain embodiments, the blowing agent is characterized as a chemical blowing agent. Chemical blowing agents are materials that, when exposed to temperature and pressure conditions in the extruder, decompose to liberate a gas, generally carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia, nitrous oxide, of mixtures thereof. The amount of chemical blowing agent present is dependent on the desired final foam density. The proportions in parts by weight of the total chemical blowing agent blend can fall within the range of from less than 1 to about 15 parts, preferably from about 1 to about 10 parts, of blowing agent per 100 parts by weight of polymer.

In certain preferred embodiments, dispersing agents, cell stabilizers, surfactants and other additives may also be incorporated into the blowing agent compositions of the present invention. Surfactants are optional, but preferably are added to serve as cell stabilizers. Some representative materials are sold under the names of DC-193, B-8404, and L-5340 which are, generally, polysiloxane polyoxyalkylene block co-polymers such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,834,748, 2,917,480, and 2,846,458, each of which are incorporated herein by reference. Other optional additives for the blowing agent mixture include flame retardants or suppressants such as tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, tri(2-chloropropyl)phosphate, tri(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate, tri(1,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate, diammonium phosphate, various halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, aluminum trihydrate, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. With respect to thermoset foams, in general any thermoset polymer can be used, including but not limited to polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, phenolic, epoxy, and combinations thereof. In general these foams are produced by bringing together chemically reactive components in the presence of one or more blowing agents, including the azeotrope-like composition of this invention and optionally other additives, including but not limited to cell stabilizers, solubility enhancers, catalysts, flame retardants, auxiliary blowing agents, inert fillers, dyes, and the like. With respect to the preparation of polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams using the azeotrope like compositions described in the invention, any of the methods well known in the art can be employed, see Saunders and Frisch, Volumes I and II Polyurethanes Chemistry and Technology (1962) John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y. In general, polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams are prepared by combining an isocyanate, a polyol or mixture of polyols, a blowing agent or mixture of blowing agents, and other materials such as catalysts, surfactants, and optionally, flame retardants, colorants, or other additives.

It is convenient in many applications to provide the components for polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams in preblended formulations. Most typically, the foam formulation is preblended into two components. The isocyanate and optionally certain surfactants and blowing agents comprise the first component, commonly referred to as the “A” component. The polyol or polyol mixture, surfactant, catalysts, blowing agents, flame retardant, and other isocyanate reactive components comprise the second component, commonly referred to as the “B” component. Accordingly, polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams are readily prepared by bringing together the A and B side components either by hand mix for small preparations and, preferably, machine mix techniques to form blocks, slabs, laminates, pour-in-place panels and other items, spray applied foams, froths, and the like. Optionally, other ingredients such as fire retardants, colorants, auxiliary blowing agents, water, and even other polyols can be added as a third stream to the mix head or reaction site. Most conveniently, however, they are all incorporated into one B Component as described above.

Any organic polyisocyanate can be employed in polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foam synthesis inclusive of aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanates. Preferred as a class are the aromatic polyisocyanates. Typical aliphatic polyisocyanates are alkylene diisocyanates such as tri, tetra, and hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorene diisocyanate, 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate), and the like; typical aromatic polyisocyanates include m-, and p-phenylene diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediisocyanate, dianisidine diisocyanate, bitoylene isocyanate, naphthylene 1,4-diisocyanate, bis(4-isocyanatophenyl)methene, bis(2-methyl-4-isocyanatophenyl)methane, and the like.

Preferred polyisocyanates are the polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanates, particularly the mixtures containing from about 30 to about 85 percent by weight of methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) with the remainder of the mixture comprising the polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates of functionality higher than 2.

Typical polyols used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams include, but are not limited to, aromatic amino-based polyether polyols such as those based on mixtures of 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediamine condensed with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide. These polyols find utility in pour-in-place molded foams. Another example is aromatic alkylamino-based polyether polyols such as those based on ethoxylated and/or propoxylated aminoethylated nonylphenol derivatives. These polyols generally find utility in spray applied polyurethane foams. Another example is sucrose-based polyols such as those based on sucrose derivatives and/or mixtures of sucrose and glycerine derivatives condensed with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide.

Examples of polyols used in polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate foams include, but are not limited to, aromatic polyester polyols such as those based on complex mixtures of phthalate-type or terephthalate-type esters formed from polyols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, or propylene glycol. These polyols are used in rigid laminated boardstock, can be blended with other types of polyols such as sucrose based polyols, and used in other polyurethane foam applications such as described above.

Catalysts used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams are typically tertiary amines including, but not limited to, N-alkylmorpholines, N-alkylalkanolamines, N,N-dialkylcyclohexylamines, and alkylamines where the alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and the like and isomeric forms thereof; and hetrocyclic amines. Typical, but not limiting examples are triethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether, triethylamine, tripropylamine, tributylamine, triamylamine, pyridine, quinoline, dimethylpiperazine, piperazine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-ethylmorpholine, 2-methylpiperazine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, tetramethylpropanediamine, methyltriethylenediamine, and the like, and mixtures thereof.

Optionally, non-amine polyurethane catalysts are used. Typical of such catalysts are organometallic compounds of bismuth, lead, tin, titanium, antimony, uranium, cadmium, cobalt, thorium, aluminum, mercury, zinc, nickel, cerium, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, manganese, zirconium, and the like. Included as illustrative are bismuth nitrate, lead 2-ethylhexoate, lead benzoate, ferric chloride, antimony trichloride and antimony glycolate. A preferred organo-tin class includes the stannous salts of carboxylic acids such as stannous octoate, stannous 2-ethylhexoate, stannous laurate, and the like, as well as dialkyl tin salts of carboxylic acids such as dibutyl tin diacetate, dibutyl tin dilaurate, dioctyl tin diacetate, and the like.

In the preparation of polyisocyanurate foams, trimerization catalysts are used for the purpose of converting the blends in conjunction with excess A component to polyisocyanurate-polyurethane foams. The trimerization catalysts employed can be any catalyst known to one skilled in the art, including, but not limited to, glycine salts and tertiary amine trimerization catalysts and alkali metal carboxylic acid salts and mixtures of the various types of catalysts. Preferred species within the classes are potassium acetate, potassium octoate, and N-(2-hydroxy-5-nonylphenol)methyl-N-methylglycinate.

Dispersing agents, cell stabilizers, and surfactants can be incorporated into the present blends. Surfactants, which are, generally, polysiloxane polyoxyalkylene block co-polymers, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,834,748, 2,917,480, and 2,846,458, which are incorporated herein by reference.

Other optional additives for the blends can include flame retardants such as tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate, tris(2-chloropropyl)phosphate, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, tris(1,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate, diammonium phosphate, various halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, aluminum trihydrate, polyvinyl chloride, and the like. Other optional ingredients can include from 0 to about 3 percent water, which chemically reacts with the isocyanate to produce carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide acts as an auxiliary blowing agent.

Also included in the mixture are blowing agents or blowing agent blends as disclosed in this invention. Generally speaking, the amount of blowing agent present in the blended mixture is dictated by the desired foam densities of the final polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams product. The proportions in parts by weight of the total blowing agent blend can fall within the range of from 1 to about 45 parts of blowing agent per 100 parts of polyol, preferably from about 4 to about 30 parts.

The polyurethane foams produced can vary in density from about 0.5 pound per cubic foot to about 40 pounds per cubic foot, preferably from about 1.0 to 20.0 pounds per cubic foot, and most preferably from about 1.5 to 6.0 pounds per cubic foot. The density obtained is a function of how much of the blowing agent or blowing agent mixture disclosed in this invention is present in the A and/or B components, or alternatively added at the time the foam is prepared.

Foams and Foamable Compositions:

Certain embodiments of the present invention involve a foam comprising a polyurethane-, polyisocyanurate-, or phenolic-based cell wall and a cell gas disposed within at least a portion of the cells, wherein the cell gas comprises the azeotrope-like mixture described herein. In certain embodiments, the foams are extruded thermoplastic foams. Preferred foams have a density ranging from about 0.5 pounds per cubic foot to about 60 pounds per cubic foot, preferably from about 1.0 to 20.0 pounds per cubic foot, and most preferably from about 1.5 to 6.0 pounds per cubic foot. The foam density is a function of how much of the blowing agent or blowing agent mixture (i.e., the azeotrope-like mixture and any auxiliary blowing agent, such as carbon dioxide, chemical blowing agent or other co-blowing agent) is present in the molten polymer. These foams are generally rigid but can be made in various grades of softness to suit the end use requirements. The foams can have a closed cell structure, an open cell structure or a mixture of open and closed cells, with closed cell structures being preferred. These foams are used in a variety of well known applications, including but not limited to thermal insulation, flotation, packaging, void filling, crafts and decorative, and shock absorption.

In other embodiments, the invention provides foamable compositions. The foamable compositions of the present invention generally include one or more components capable of forming foam, such as polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, and phenolic-based compositions, and a blowing agent comprising at least one azeotrope-like mixture described herein. In certain embodiments, the foamable composition comprises thermoplastic materials, particularly thermoplastic polymers and/or resins. Examples of thermoplastic foam components include polyolefins, such as polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethyleneterepthalate (PET), and foams formed therefrom, preferably low-density foams. In certain embodiments, the thermoplastic foamable composition is an extrudable composition.

In certain embodiments, provided is a method for producing such foams. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, especially in view of the disclosure contained herein, that the order and manner in which the blowing agent is formed and/or added to the foamable composition does not generally affect the operability of the present invention. For example, in the case of extrudable foams, it is possible to mix in advance the various components of the blowing agent. In certain embodiments, the components of the foamable composition are not mixed in advance of introduction to the extrusion equipment or are not added to the same location in the extrusion equipment. Thus, in certain embodiments it may be desired to introduce one or more components of the blowing agent at first location in the extruder, which is upstream of the place of addition of one or more other components of the blowing agent, with the expectation that the components will come together in the extruder and/or operate more effectively in this manner. In certain other embodiments, two or more components of the blowing agent are combined in advance and introduced together into the foamable composition, either directly or as part of premix which is then further added to other parts of the foamable composition.

Sprayable Compositions:

In a preferred embodiment, the azeotrope-like compositions of this invention may be used as solvents in sprayable compositions, either alone or in combination with other known propellants. The solvent composition comprises, more preferably consists essentially of, and, even more preferably, consists of the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention. In certain embodiments, the sprayable composition is an aerosol.

In certain preferred embodiments, provided is a sprayable composition comprising a solvent as described above, an active ingredient, and optionally, other components such as inert ingredients, solvents, and the like.

Suitable active materials to be sprayed include, without limitation, cosmetic materials such as deodorants, perfumes, hair sprays, cleaning solvents, lubricants, insecticides as well as medicinal materials, such as anti-asthma medications. The term medicinal materials is used herein in its broadest sense to include any and all materials which are, or at least are believe to be, effective in connection with therapeutic, diagnostic, pain relief, and similar treatments, and as such would include for example drugs and biologically active substances.

Solvents and Cleaning Compositions:

In another embodiment of the invention, the azeotrope-like compositions described herein can be used as a solvent in cleaning various soils such as mineral oil, rosin based fluxes, solder fluxes, silicon oils, lubricants, etc., from various substrates by wiping, vapor degreasing, dry cleaning or other means. In certain preferred embodiments, the cleaning composition is an aerosol.

EXAMPLES

The invention is further illustrated in the following example which is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting in any manner. For the relevant examples, an ebulliometer of the general type described by Swietolslowski in his book “Ebulliometric Measurements” (Reinhold, 1945) was used.

Example 1

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which was further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer or a thermistor was used. About 10 cc of trans-HFO-1233zd was charged to the ebulliometer and then methanol was added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression was observed when methanol was added, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope had been formed. From greater than 0 to about 51 weight percent methanol, the boiling point of the composition changes less than about 1.3° C. The boiling points of the binary mixtures shown in Table 1 changed by less than about 0.02° C. Thus the compositions exhibited azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over these ranges. To conform result two such ebulliometers were set up side by side of which one contained pure solvent and the other one was set up with trans-HFO-1233zd and 2^(nd) component was added as mentioned before. The difference of temperatures in the two was also measured.

TABLE 1 trans-HFO-1233zd/Methanol compositions at ambient pressure Wt. % trans- wt % Temp (° C.) HFO-1233zd Methanol 17.15 (° C.) 98.78 wt. % 1.22 wt. % 17.14 (° C.) 98.58 wt. % 1.42 wt. % 17.14 (° C.) 98.38 wt. % 1.62 wt. % 17.14 (° C.) 98.18 wt. % 1.82 wt. % 17.14 (° C.) 97.98 wt. % 2.02 wt. % 17.14 (° C.) 97.78 wt. % 2.22 wt. % 17.15 (° C.) 97.59 wt. % 2.41 wt. %

Example 2

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which was further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer or a thermistor was used. About 35 g trans-HFO-1233zd is charged to the ebulliometer and then n-pentane was added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression was observed when n-pentane was added to trans-HFO-1233zd, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope had been formed. From greater than 0 to about 30 weight percent n-pentane, the boiling point of the composition changes less than about 0.8° C. The boiling points of the binary mixtures shown in Table 2 changed by less than about 0.02° C. Thus the compositions exhibited azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over these ranges.

TABLE 2 trans-HFO-1233zd/n-Pentane compositions at ambient pressure Wt. % trans- Wt % Temp (° C.) HFO-1233zd n-pentane 17.43 (° C.) 97.76 wt. % 2.24 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 97.60 wt. % 2.40 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 97.45 wt. % 2.55 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 97.29 wt. % 2.71 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 97.14 wt. % 2.86 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 96.98 wt. % 3.02 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 96.83 wt. % 3.17 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 96.67 wt. % 3.33 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 96.52 wt. % 3.48 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 96.37 wt. % 3.63 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 96.22 wt. % 3.78 wt. % 17.42 (° C.) 96.07 wt. % 3.93 wt. % 17.43 (° C.) 95.92 wt. % 4.08 wt. %

Example 3

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which was further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer or a thermistor was used. About 17 g trans-HFO-1233zd is charged to the ebulliometer and then isopentane was added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression was observed when isopentane was added to trans-HFO-1233zd, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope had been formed. From greater than about 0 to about 30 weight percent isopentane, the boiling point of the composition changed by about 0.8° C. or less. The boiling points of the binary mixtures shown in Table 3 changed by less than about 0.2° C. Thus the compositions exhibited azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over these ranges.

TABLE 3 trans-HFO-1233/isopentane compositions at ambient pressure Wt % trans- Wt % Temp(° C.) HFO-1233zd isopentane 16.86 (° C.) 92.39 wt. %  7.61 wt. % 16.78 (° C.) 90.52 wt. %  9.48 wt. % 16.73 (° C.) 88.73 wt. % 11.27 wt. % 16.70 (° C.) 87.01 wt. % 12.99 wt. % 16.70 (° C.) 85.35 wt. % 14.65 wt. % 16.69 (° C.) 83.75 wt. % 16.25 wt. % 16.70 (° C.) 82.21 wt. % 17.79 wt. % 16.72 (° C.) 80.73 wt. % 19.27 wt. % 16.76 (° C.) 79.13 wt. % 20.87 wt. % 16.85 (° C.) 77.58 wt. % 22.42 wt. %

Example 4

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which was further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer or a thermistor was used. About 17 g neopentane is charged to the ebulliometer and then trans-HFO-1233zd was added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression was observed when trans-HFO-1233zd was added to neopentane indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope had been formed. As shown in Table 4, compositions comprising from about 19 to about 49 weight percent trans-HFO-1233zd had a change in boiling point of 0.1° C. or less. Thus the compositions exhibited azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over at least this range.

TABLE 4 trans-HFO-1233zd/neopentane compositions at ambient pressure Wt % trans- Wt % Temp(° C.) HFO-1233zd neopentane 8.54 (° C.)  0.00 wt. % 100.00 wt. %  8.47 (° C.)  1.36 wt. % 98.64 wt. % 8.42 (° C.)  2.69 wt. % 97.31 wt. % 8.30 (° C.)  5.23 wt. % 94.77 wt. % 8.21 (° C.)  7.65 wt. % 92.35 wt. % 8.12 (° C.)  9.94 wt. % 90.06 wt. % 7.95 (° C.) 14.21 wt. % 85.79 wt. % 7.87 (° C.) 19.00 wt. % 81.00 wt. % 7.78 (° C.) 23.29 wt. % 76.71 wt. % 7.72 (° C.) 29.28 wt. % 70.72 wt. % 7.72 (° C.) 34.40 wt. % 65.60 wt. % 7.75 (° C.) 38.83 wt. % 61.17 wt. % 7.81 (° C.) 42.70 wt. % 57.30 wt. % 7.85 (° C.) 46.11 wt. % 53.89 wt. % 7.88 (° C.) 49.14 wt. % 50.86 wt. %

Example 5

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which was further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer or a thermistor was used. About 18 g trans-HFO-1233 is charged to the ebulliometer and then trans-1,2-DCE was added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression was observed when trans-1,2-DCE was added to trans-HFO-1233, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope was formed. From greater than about 0.01 to about 53 weight percent trans-1,2-DCE, the boiling point of the composition changed by about 0.7° C. or less. The boiling points of the binary mixtures shown in Table 4 changed by less than about 0.3° C. Thus the compositions exhibited azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over these ranges.

TABLE 5 trans-HFO-1233zd/trans-1,2-DCE compositions at ambient pressure Wt. % trans- Wt. % T(° C.) HFO-1233zd tr-1,2-DCE 17.74 (° C.) 100.00 wt. %  0.00 wt. % 17.74 (° C.) 99.68 wt. % 0.32 wt. % 17.73 (° C.) 99.35 wt. % 0.65 wt. % 17.76 (° C.) 99.03 wt. % 0.97 wt. % 17.79 (° C.) 98.72 wt. % 1.28 wt. % 17.82 (° C.) 98.40 wt. % 1.60 wt. % 17.85 (° C.) 98.08 wt. % 1.92 wt. % 17.88 (° C.) 97.77 wt. % 2.23 wt. % 17.92 (° C.) 97.46 wt. % 2.54 wt. % 17.96 (° C.) 97.15 wt. % 2.85 wt. %

Examples 6-23

The general procedure described in examples 1-5 above was repeated for examples 6-23. Azeotrope-like behavior was observed over a given range of component concentrations where the boiling point changed by ≦1° C. The results are summarized below:

Relative Boiling Concentration 1233zd: Point (° C.) Other Component(s) @ ambient Data Azeotrope-like mixture (wt. %) pressure Table trans-HFO-1233zd + isohexane 94.4-99.99/0.01-5.6  17.4 ± 1 6 trans-HFO-1233zd + ethanol 85-99.9/0.1-15 18.1 ± 1 7 trans-HFO-1233zd + isopropanol 90-99.9/0.1-10 17.9 ± 1 8 trans-HFO-1233zd + 1-chloropropane 96-99.9/0.1-4    18 ± 1 9 trans-HFO-1233zd + 2-chloropropane 94-99.99/0.01-6  17.8 ± 1 10 trans-HFO-1233zd + cyclopentene 95-99.9/0.1-5  18.1 ± 1 11 trans-HFO-1233zd + cyclopentane 95-99.9/0.1-5  17.5 ± 1 12 trans-HFO-1233zd + methylal 95-99.9/0.1-5  17.3 ± 1 13 trans-HFO-1233zd + methyl acetate 90-99.9/0.1-5  17.5 ± 1 14 trans-HFO-1233zd + HFC-365mfc 89-99.9/0.1-11 17.5 ± 1 15 trans-HFO-1233zd + n-hexane 95-99.99/0.01-5  17.4 ± 1 16 cis-HFO-1233zd + methanol 78-99.9/0.1-22 35.2 ± 1 17 cis-HFO-1233zd + ethanol 65-99.9/0.1-35 37.4 ± 1 18 cis-HFO-1233zd + isopropanol 85-99.99/0.01-15 38.1 ± 1 19 cis-HFO-1233zd + cyclopentane 42-99/1-58 34.7 ± 1 20 cis-HFO-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE 42-99.9/0.1-58   37 ± 1 21 trans-HFO-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE + 55-99.9/0.05-10/0.05-35 17.4 ± 1 22 n-pentane trans-HFO-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE +   80-09/0.05-15/0.05-10 16.6 ± 1 23 methanol

TABLE 6 trans-HFO-1233zd/isohexane compositions at ambient pressure isohexane (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.5 0.2 99.8 17.5 0.3 99.7 17.6 0.5 99.5 17.6 0.7 99.3 17.6 0.8 99.2 17.6 1.0 99.0 17.7 1.2 98.8 17.7 1.3 98.7 17.7 1.5 98.5 17.8 1.7 98.3 17.8 1.8 98.2 17.8 2.0 98.0 17.8 2.2 97.8 17.9 2.3 97.7 17.9 2.5 97.5 17.9 2.6 97.4 18.0 2.8 97.2 18.0 3.0 97.0 18.0 3.1 96.9 18.1 3.3 96.7 18.1 3.4 96.6 18.1 3.6 96.4 18.2 3.8 96.2 18.2 3.9 96.1 18.2 4.1 95.9 18.2 4.2 95.8 18.3 4.4 95.6 18.3 4.5 95.5 18.3 4.7 95.3 18.4 4.9 95.1 18.4 5.0 95.0 18.4 5.2 94.8 18.4

TABLE 7 trans-HFO-1233zd/ethanol compositions at ambient pressure EtOH (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 18.1 0.2 99.8 18.1 0.4 99.6 18.1 0.6 99.4 18.1 0.8 99.2 18.1 1.0 99.0 18.1 1.2 98.8 18.1 1.4 98.6 18.1 1.6 98.4 18.1 1.8 98.2 18.2 2.0 98.0 18.2 2.2 97.8 18.2 2.4 97.6 18.1 2.6 97.4 18.1 2.8 97.2 18.2 3.0 97.0 18.2 3.2 96.8 18.2 3.4 96.6 18.2 3.6 96.4 18.2 3.8 96.2 18.2 4.0 96.0 18.2 4.1 95.9 18.2 4.3 95.7 18.2 4.5 95.5 18.2 4.7 95.3 18.2 4.9 95.1 18.2 5.1 94.9 18.2

TABLE 8 trans-HFO-1233zd/isopropanol compositions at ambient pressure IPA (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.9 0.4 99.6 17.9 0.8 99.2 17.9 1.2 98.8 17.9 1.6 98.4 17.9 2.0 98.0 17.9 2.4 97.6 17.9 2.8 97.2 18.0 3.2 96.8 18.0 3.5 96.5 18.1 3.9 96.1 18.1 4.3 95.7 18.1 4.7 95.3 18.2 5.0 95.0 18.2 5.4 94.6 18.2 5.8 94.2 18.3 6.1 93.9 18.3 6.5 93.5 18.3 6.9 93.1 18.3 7.2 92.8 18.4 7.6 92.4 18.4 7.9 92.1 18.4 8.3 91.7 18.4 8.6 91.4 18.4 8.9 91.1 18.5 9.3 90.7 18.5 9.6 90.4 18.5

TABLE 9 trans-HFO-1233zd/1-chloropropane compositions at ambient pressure 1-chloropropane (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 18.0 0.2 99.8 18.0 0.5 99.5 18.0 0.7 99.3 18.0 0.9 99.1 18.0 1.1 98.9 18.1 1.4 98.6 18.1 1.6 98.4 18.2 1.8 98.2 18.2 2.0 98.0 18.3 2.3 97.7 18.3 2.5 97.5 18.4 2.7 97.3 18.5 2.9 97.1 18.5 3.1 96.9 18.6 3.4 96.6 18.6 3.6 96.4 18.6 3.8 96.2 18.7 4.0 96.0 18.8 4.2 95.8 18.8 4.4 95.6 18.8 4.6 95.4 18.9 4.9 95.1 18.9 5.1 94.9 19.0 5.3 94.7 19.0 5.5 94.5 19.1 5.7 94.3 19.1

TABLE 10 trans-HFO-1233zd/2-chloropropane compositions at ambient pressure 2-chloropropane (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.8 0.2 99.8 17.8 0.4 99.6 17.8 0.7 99.3 17.8 0.9 99.1 17.8 1.1 98.9 17.9 1.3 98.7 17.9 1.5 98.5 17.9 1.8 98.2 17.9 2.0 98.0 18.0 2.2 97.8 18.0 2.4 97.6 18.0 2.6 97.4 18.0 2.8 97.2 18.0 3.0 97.0 18.0 3.3 96.7 18.0 3.5 96.5 18.1 3.7 96.3 18.1 3.9 96.1 18.1 4.1 95.9 18.1 4.3 95.7 18.1 4.5 95.5 18.1 4.7 95.3 18.2 4.9 95.1 18.2 5.1 94.9 18.2 5.3 94.7 18.2 5.5 94.5 18.2 5.7 94.3 18.2 5.9 94.1 18.2 6.1 93.9 18.2 6.3 93.7 18.3

TABLE 11 trans-HFO-1233zd/cyclopentene compositions at ambient pressure cyclopentene (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.8 0.2 99.8 17.8 0.4 99.6 17.8 0.6 99.4 17.9 0.8 99.2 17.9 1.0 99.0 17.9 1.2 98.8 18.0 1.4 98.6 18.0 1.6 98.4 18.0 1.8 98.2 18.1 2.0 98.0 18.1 2.2 97.8 18.1 2.4 97.6 18.2 2.5 97.5 18.2 2.7 97.3 18.2 2.9 97.1 18.3 3.1 96.9 18.3 3.3 96.7 18.3 3.5 96.5 18.3 3.7 96.3 18.4 3.9 96.1 18.4 4.1 95.9 18.4 4.2 95.8 18.4 4.4 95.6 18.5 4.6 95.4 18.5 4.8 95.2 18.5

TABLE 12 trans-HFO-1233zd/cyclopentane compositions at ambient pressure cyclopentane (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.6 0.2 99.8 17.6 0.4 99.6 17.7 0.6 99.4 17.7 1.0 99.0 17.8 1.3 98.7 17.8 1.7 98.3 17.8 2.1 97.9 17.8 2.5 97.5 17.9 2.8 97.2 17.9 3.2 96.8 18.0 3.6 96.4 18.1 3.9 96.1 18.1 4.3 95.7 18.2 4.6 95.4 18.2 5.0 95.0 18.3 5.3 94.7 18.3 5.7 94.3 18.4

TABLE 13 trans-HFO-1233zd/methylal compositions at ambient pressure methylal (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.5 0.2 99.8 17.5 0.4 99.6 17.5 0.7 99.3 17.3 0.9 99.1 17.4 1.1 98.9 17.4 1.3 98.7 17.5 1.5 98.5 17.6 1.8 98.2 17.7 2.0 98.0 17.8 2.2 97.8 17.9 2.4 97.6 18.0 2.6 97.4 18.1 2.8 97.2 18.2 3.1 96.9 18.2 3.3 96.7 18.3 3.5 96.5 18.4 3.7 96.3 18.5 3.9 96.1 18.6 4.1 95.9 18.6 4.3 95.7 18.7 4.5 95.5 18.8 4.7 95.3 18.8 4.9 95.1 18.9 5.1 94.9 18.9

TABLE 14 trans-HFO-1233zd/methyl acetate compositions at ambient pressure Me-Acetate (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.6 0.2 99.8 17.7 0.4 99.6 17.7 0.7 99.3 17.8 0.9 99.1 17.9 1.1 98.9 18.0 1.3 98.7 18.0 1.5 98.5 18.1 1.8 98.2 18.2 2.0 98.0 18.3 2.2 97.8 18.3 2.4 97.6 18.4 2.6 97.4 18.4 2.8 97.2 18.5 3.1 96.9 18.6 3.3 96.7 18.6 3.5 96.5 18.7 3.7 96.3 18.7

TABLE 15 trans-HFO-1233zd/HFC-365mfc compositions at ambient pressure HFC-365mfc (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.6 0.3 99.7 17.6 0.6 99.4 17.6 1.0 99.0 17.6 1.3 98.7 17.7 1.6 98.4 17.7 1.9 98.1 17.7 2.2 97.8 17.7 2.5 97.5 17.8 2.9 97.1 17.8 3.2 96.8 17.8 3.5 96.5 17.8 3.8 96.2 17.9 4.1 95.9 17.9 4.4 95.6 17.9 4.7 95.3 17.9 5.0 95.0 18.0 5.3 94.7 18.0 5.5 94.5 18.0 5.8 94.2 18.0 6.1 93.9 18.1 6.4 93.6 18.1 6.7 93.3 18.1 7.0 93.0 18.1 7.3 92.7 18.1 7.5 92.5 18.2 7.8 92.2 18.2 8.1 91.9 18.2 8.4 91.6 18.2

TABLE 16 trans-HFO-1233zd/n-hexane compositions at ambient pressure n-hexane (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 17.3 0.2 99.8 17.3 0.3 99.7 17.4 0.5 99.5 17.4 0.7 99.3 17.4 0.9 99.1 17.5 1.0 99.0 17.5 1.2 98.8 17.5 1.4 98.6 17.6 1.5 98.5 17.6 1.7 98.3 17.6 1.9 98.1 17.7 2.0 98.0 17.7

TABLE 17 cis-HFO-1233zd/methanol compositions at ambient pressure methanol (wt. %) cis-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 37.5 0.6 99.4 36.6 1.2 98.8 35.8 1.8 98.2 35.5 2.4 97.6 35.3 3.0 97.0 35.2 3.6 96.4 35.2 4.2 95.8 35.2 4.7 95.3 35.2 5.3 94.7 35.2 5.9 94.1 35.3 6.9 93.1 35.4 8.0 92.0 35.4 9.1 90.9 35.5 10.1 89.9 35.5 11.1 88.9 35.6 12.0 88.0 35.6 13.0 87.0 35.6 13.9 86.1 35.7 14.8 85.2 35.7 15.7 84.3 35.8 16.6 83.4 35.8 17.5 82.5 35.9 18.3 81.7 35.9 19.1 80.9 36.0 19.9 80.1 36.0 20.7 79.3 36.1 21.5 78.5 36.1 22.2 77.8 36.2 23.0 77.0 36.2 23.7 76.3 36.3 24.4 75.6 36.3 25.1 74.9 36.3 25.8 74.2 36.4 26.5 73.5 36.4 27.2 72.8 36.5 27.8 72.2 36.5

TABLE 18 cis-HFO-1233zd/ethanol compositions at ambient pressure ethanol (wt. %) cis-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 37.8 0.6 99.4 37.7 1.2 98.8 37.6 1.8 98.2 37.6 2.4 97.6 37.6 3.0 97.0 37.6 3.6 96.4 37.5 4.2 95.8 37.4 4.7 95.3 37.4 5.9 94.1 37.5 6.9 93.1 37.5 8.0 92.0 37.4 9.1 90.9 37.5 10.1 89.9 37.5 11.1 88.9 37.6 12.0 88.0 37.5 13.0 87.0 37.6 13.9 86.1 37.5 14.8 85.2 37.6 15.7 84.3 37.7 16.6 83.4 37.7 17.5 82.5 37.7 18.3 81.7 37.7 19.1 80.9 37.7 19.9 80.1 37.6 20.7 79.3 37.6 21.5 78.5 37.7 22.2 77.8 37.7 23.0 77.0 37.8 23.7 76.3 37.8 24.4 75.6 37.8 25.1 74.9 37.8 25.8 74.2 37.8 26.5 73.5 37.8 27.2 72.8 37.8 27.8 72.2 37.9 28.5 71.5 37.9 29.1 70.9 37.9

TABLE 19 cis-HFO-1233zd/isopropanol compositions at ambient pressure IPA (wt. %) cis-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 38.1 0.6 99.4 38.1 1.2 98.8 38.1 1.8 98.2 38.2 3.0 97.0 38.2 4.1 95.9 38.3 5.3 94.7 38.4 6.4 93.6 38.5 7.4 92.6 38.6 8.5 91.5 38.6 9.5 90.5 38.7 10.5 89.5 38.7 11.5 88.5 38.8 12.4 87.6 38.8 13.4 86.6 38.8

TABLE 20 cis-HFO-1233zd/cyclopentane compositions at ambient pressure cyclopentane (wt. %) cis-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 37.5 1.2 98.8 37.1 2.3 97.7 36.6 3.4 96.6 36.3 4.5 95.5 36.0 5.6 94.4 35.8 6.6 93.4 35.6 7.6 92.4 35.5 8.6 91.4 35.3 9.6 90.4 35.3 10.6 89.4 35.2 11.5 88.5 35.1 12.4 87.6 35.0 13.3 86.7 35.0 14.2 85.8 35.0 15.1 84.9 35.0 15.9 84.1 34.9 16.7 83.3 34.9 17.6 82.4 34.9 18.3 81.7 34.9 19.1 80.9 34.9 19.9 80.1 34.9 20.6 79.4 34.9 21.4 78.6 34.9 22.1 77.9 34.8 22.8 77.2 34.8 23.5 76.5 34.7 24.2 75.8 34.7 24.9 75.1 34.7 25.5 74.5 34.7 26.2 73.8 34.7 26.8 73.2 34.8 27.5 72.5 34.8 28.1 71.9 34.8 28.7 71.3 34.8 29.3 70.7 34.8 29.9 70.1 34.8

TABLE 21 cis-HFO-1233zd/trans-1,2-DCE compositions at ambient pressure trans-1,2-DCE (wt. %) cis-1233zd (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 37.8 1.0 99.0 37.8 1.9 98.1 37.8 3.8 96.2 37.7 7.3 92.7 37.5 10.6 89.4 37.4 13.7 86.3 37.2 16.5 83.5 37.1 19.2 80.8 37.1 21.7 78.3 37.0 24.1 75.9 37.0 26.3 73.7 37.0 28.4 71.6 37.1 30.3 69.7 37.1 32.2 67.8 37.1 34.0 66.0 37.1 35.7 64.3 37.1 37.3 62.7 37.1 38.8 61.2 37.1 40.2 59.8 37.1 41.6 58.4 37.2 42.9 57.1 37.2 44.2 55.8 37.2 45.4 54.6 37.3 46.6 53.4 37.3 47.7 52.3 37.3 48.2 51.8 37.4 48.7 51.3 37.4 49.2 50.8 37.4 49.7 50.3 37.4 50.2 49.8 37.4 50.7 49.3 37.5 51.2 48.8 37.5 51.7 48.3 37.5 52.1 47.9 37.5 52.6 47.4 37.6 53.0 47.0 37.6 53.4 46.6 37.6 53.9 46.1 37.6 54.3 45.7 37.6 54.7 45.3 37.6 55.1 44.9 37.6

TABLE 22 trans-HFO-1233zd/methanol/n-pentane compositions at ambient pressure n-pentane Boiling (wt. %) trans-1233zd (wt. %) methanol (wt. %) Point (° C.) 0.0 98.0 2.0 17.1 0.2 97.8 2.0 17.1 0.3 97.7 2.0 17.1 0.5 97.5 2.0 17.1 0.6 97.4 2.0 17.1 0.8 97.2 2.0 17.1 1.0 97.1 2.0 17.1 1.1 96.9 2.0 17.1 1.3 96.7 2.0 17.1 1.4 96.6 2.0 17.1 1.6 96.4 2.0 17.1 1.7 96.3 2.0 17.1 1.9 96.1 2.0 17.0 2.0 96.0 2.0 17.0 2.2 95.9 2.0 17.0 2.3 95.7 2.0 17.0 2.5 95.6 2.0 17.0 2.6 95.4 1.9 17.0 2.8 95.3 1.9 17.0 2.9 95.1 1.9 17.0 3.1 95.0 1.9 17.0 3.2 94.8 1.9 17.0 3.4 94.7 1.9 17.0 3.5 94.6 1.9 17.0 3.6 94.4 1.9 17.0 3.8 94.3 1.9 17.0 3.9 94.2 1.9 17.0 4.1 94.0 1.9 17.0 4.2 93.9 1.9 17.0 4.3 93.7 1.9 17.0 4.5 93.6 1.9 17.0 4.6 93.5 1.9 17.0 4.7 93.4 1.9 17.0 4.9 93.2 1.9 17.0 5.0 93.1 1.9 17.0 5.1 93.0 1.9 17.0 5.3 92.8 1.9 17.0 5.4 92.7 1.9 17.0 5.5 92.6 1.9 17.0 5.7 92.4 1.9 17.0 5.8 92.3 1.9 17.0 5.9 92.2 1.9 17.0 6.0 92.1 1.9 17.0 6.2 91.9 1.9 17.1 6.3 91.8 1.9 17.1 6.4 91.7 1.9 17.1 6.5 91.6 1.9 17.1 6.7 91.5 1.9 17.1 6.8 91.3 1.9 17.1 6.9 91.2 1.9 17.1 7.0 91.1 1.9 17.1 7.2 91.0 1.9 17.1 7.3 90.9 1.9 17.1 7.4 90.8 1.9 17.1 7.5 90.6 1.8 17.1 7.6 90.5 1.8 17.1 7.8 90.4 1.8 17.1 7.9 90.3 1.8 17.1 8.0 90.2 1.8 17.1 8.1 90.1 1.8 17.1 8.2 90.0 1.8 17.1 8.3 89.8 1.8 17.1 8.4 89.7 1.8 17.1 8.6 89.6 1.8 17.1 8.7 89.5 1.8 17.1 8.8 89.4 1.8 17.1 8.9 89.3 1.8 17.1 9.0 89.2 1.8 17.1 9.1 89.1 1.8 17.1 9.2 89.0 1.8 17.1 9.3 88.9 1.8 17.1 9.4 88.8 1.8 17.1 9.5 88.6 1.8 17.1 9.6 88.5 1.8 17.1 9.8 88.4 1.8 17.2 9.9 88.3 1.8 17.2 10.1 88.1 1.8 17.2 10.3 87.9 1.8 17.2 10.5 87.7 1.8 17.2 10.7 87.5 1.8 17.2 10.9 87.3 1.8 17.2 11.1 87.1 1.8 17.2 11.3 86.9 1.8 17.2 11.5 86.7 1.8 17.2 11.7 86.6 1.8 17.2 11.9 86.4 1.8 17.2 12.1 86.2 1.8 17.3 12.2 86.0 1.8 17.3 12.4 85.8 1.8 17.3 12.6 85.6 1.7 17.3 12.8 85.5 1.7 17.3 13.0 85.3 1.7 17.3 13.2 85.1 1.7 17.3 13.3 84.9 1.7 17.3 13.5 84.8 1.7 17.4 13.7 84.6 1.7 17.4 13.9 84.4 1.7 17.4 14.0 84.3 1.7 17.4 14.2 84.1 1.7 17.4 14.4 83.9 1.7 17.4 14.5 83.8 1.7 17.4 14.7 83.6 1.7 17.4 14.9 83.4 1.7 17.5 15.0 83.3 1.7 17.5 15.2 83.1 1.7 17.5 15.3 83.0 1.7 17.5 15.5 82.8 1.7 17.5 15.6 82.7 1.7 17.5

TABLE 23 trans-HFO-1233zd/methanol/trans-1,2-DCE compositions at ambient pressure trans-1233zd/methanol trans-1,2-DCE (wt. %) (in 98:2 wt. ratio) (wt. %) Boiling Point (° C.) 0.0 100.0 16.7 0.3 99.7 16.7 0.6 99.4 16.8 1.0 99.0 16.8 1.3 98.7 16.8 1.6 98.4 16.9 1.9 98.1 16.9 2.2 97.8 17.0 2.5 97.5 17.0 2.9 97.1 17.1 3.2 96.8 17.1 3.5 96.5 17.1 3.8 96.2 17.2 4.1 95.9 17.2 4.4 95.6 17.3 4.7 95.3 17.3 5.0 95.0 17.4 5.3 94.7 17.4 5.5 94.5 17.4 5.8 94.2 17.5 6.1 93.9 17.5 6.4 93.6 17.6 6.7 93.3 17.6

Example 24

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which was further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer was used. About 10 cc of trans-HFO-1233zd was charged to the ebulliometer and then nitromethane was added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression was observed when nitromethane was added, indicating a binary azeotrope-like composition had been formed.

Wt. % trans- Wt. % Temp (° C.) 1233zd Nitromethane 17.6 100.0 0.0 17.7 99.7 0.3 17.8 99.4 0.6 17.9 99.1 0.9 18.0 98.8 1.2

Example 25

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which was further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer was used. About 10 cc of trans-HFO-1233zd was charged to the ebulliometer and then water was added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression was observed when water was added, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope had been formed. From greater than 0 to about 30 weight percent water, the boiling point of the composition changes less than about 0.5° C. at ambient pressure.

Temp (° C.) Wt. % trans-1233zd Wt. % Water 17.9 100 0 17.7 99.7 1.4 17.5 98.6 2.6 17.5 95.8 5.3 17.4 93.2 7.9 17.4 90.7 10.3 17.4 87.5 13.6 17.4 84.4 16.5 17.4 81.6 19.3 17.4 79.0 21.9 17.4 76.5 24.4 17.4 74.2 26.7 17.4 72.0 28.8 17.4 69.9 30.9

Example 26

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which is further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer is used. An amount of cis-HFO-1233zd is charged to the ebulliometer and then nitromethane is added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression is observed when nitromethane is added to cis-HFO-1233, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope is formed. The compositions exhibit azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over a range of about 95 to 99.9 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent nitromethane. More pronounced azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties occur over a range of about 97 to 99.9 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent nitromethane; and even more pronounced over a range of about 99 to 99.9 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent nitromethane.

Example 27

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which is further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer is used. An amount of cis-HFO-1233zd is charged to the ebulliometer and then n-pentane is added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression is observed when n-pentane is added to cis-HFO-1233, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope is formed. The compositions exhibit azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over a range of about 20 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 80 weight percent n-pentane. More pronounced azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties occur over a range of about 50 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 50 weight percent n-pentane; and even more pronounced over a range of about 60 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 40 weight percent n-pentane.

Example 28

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which is further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer is used. An amount of cis-HFO-1233zd is charged to the ebulliometer and then neopentane is added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression is observed when neopentane is added to cis-HFO-1233, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope is formed. The compositions exhibit azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over a range of about 5 to 50 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 50 to about 95 weight percent neopentane. More pronounced azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties occur over a range of about 20 to 45 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 55 to about 80 weight percent neopentane; and even more pronounced over a range of about 30 to 40 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 60 to about 70 weight percent neopentane.

Example 29

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which is further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer is used. An amount of cis-HFO-1233zd is charged to the ebulliometer and then n-hexane is added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression is observed when n-hexane is added to cis-HFO-1233, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope is formed. The compositions exhibit azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over a range of about 80 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 20 weight percent n-hexane. More pronounced azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties occur over a range of about 90 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent n-hexane; and even more pronounced over a range of about 95 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent n-hexane.

Example 30

An ebulliometer consisting of vacuum jacketed tube with a condenser on top which is further equipped with a Quartz Thermometer is used. An amount of cis-HFO-1233zd is charged to the ebulliometer and then isohexane is added in small, measured increments. Temperature depression is observed when isohexane is added to cis-HFO-1233, indicating a binary minimum boiling azeotrope is formed. The compositions exhibit azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties over a range of about 70 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent isohexane. More pronounced azeotrope and/or azeotrope-like properties occur over a range of about 85 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent isohexane; and even more pronounced over a range of about 93 to 99.5 weight percent cis-1233zd and about 0.5 to about 7 weight percent isohexane.

Example 31

An azeotrope-like mixture containing 98% by weight trans-HFO-1233zd with about 2% by weight methanol is loaded into an aerosol can. An aerosol valve is crimped into place and HFC-134a is added through the valve to achieve a pressure in the can of about 20 PSIG. The mixture is then sprayed onto surface demonstrating that the azeotropic mixture is useful as an aerosol.

Examples 32-57

The steps of Example 31 are generally repeated for Examples 32-57, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol. Optionally, the aerosols have a different co-aerosol agent or no co-aerosol agent, and optionally have at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of deodorants, perfumes, hair sprays, cleaning solvents, lubricants, insecticides, and medicinal materials. Similar results are demonstrated.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Forms Aerosol 32 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 33 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 34 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 35 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 36 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 37 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 38 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 39 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 40 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 41 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 42 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 43 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 44 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 45 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 46 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 47 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 48 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 49 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 50 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 51 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 52 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 53 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 54 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 55 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 56 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 57 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes

Example 58

A mixture containing 98% by weight trans-HFO-1233zd with about 2% by weight methanol is loaded into an aerosol can. An aerosol valve is crimped into place and HFC-134a is added through the valve to achieve a pressure in the can of about 20 PSIG. The mixture is then sprayed onto a metal coupon soiled with solder flux. The flux is removed and the coupon is visually clean.

Examples 59-84

For Examples 59-84, the steps of Example 58 are generally repeated, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol, and instead of HFC-134a, a different co-aerosol or no co-aerosol is used. Optionally, the method of applying the azeotropic mixture as a cleaning agent is vapor degreasing or wiping instead of spraying. Optionally, the azeotropic mixture cleaning agent is applied neat. Optionally, the material to be cleaned was changed from solder flux to a mineral oil, silicon oil, or other lubricant. Similar results are demonstrated in each case.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Visually Clean 59 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 60 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 61 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 62 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 63 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 64 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 65 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 66 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 67 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 68 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 69 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 70 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 71 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 72 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 73 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 74 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 75 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 76 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 77 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 78 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 79 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 80 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 81 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 82 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 83 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 84 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes

Example 85

A mixture containing 98% by wt trans-HFO-1233zd and 2% by wt of methanol is prepared, silicone oil is mixed with the blend and the solvent was left to evaporate, a thin coating of silicone oil is left behind in the coupon. This indicated that the solvent blends can be used for silicone oil deposition in various substrates.

Examples 86-111

The steps of Example 85 are generally repeated for Examples 85-111, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Oil Deposited 86 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 87 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 88 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 89 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 90 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 91 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 92 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 93 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 94 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 95 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 96 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 97 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 98 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 99 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 100 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 101 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 102 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 103 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 104 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 105 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 106 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 107 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 108 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 109 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 110 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 111 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes

Example 112

A mixture containing 98% by wt trans-HFO-1233zd and 2% by wt of methanol is prepared, mineral oil is mixed with the blend. The mineral oil is evenly disbursed throughout the blend. This indicated that the azeotrope-like composition can be used as a solvent.

Examples 113-138

The steps of Example 112 are generally repeated for Examples 113-138, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Good Solvency 113 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 114 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 115 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 116 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 117 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 118 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 119 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 120 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 121 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 122 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 123 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 124 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 125 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 126 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 127 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 128 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 129 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 130 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 131 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 132 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 133 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 134 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 135 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 136 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 137 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 138 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes

Example 139

An azeotrope-like mixture of about 97 weight percent trans-1233zd and about 3 weight percent trans-1,2-DCE is prepared. This mixture is used as a blowing agent to prepare a closed-cell polyurethane foam and a closed-cell polyisocyanate foam. The cell-gas of the resulting foam is analyzed and is determined to contain at least a portion of the azeotrope-like mixture.

Examples 140-153

The steps of Example 139 are generally repeated for Examples 140-153, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and trans-1,2-DCE.

Cell-gas of foam Use as a Polyurethane contains Blowing Foam and Azeotrope- Example Agent Polyisocyanate like No. Azeotrope-like Composition Verified Foam Formed Mixture 140 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes Yes Yes 141 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes Yes Yes 142 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes Yes Yes 143 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes Yes Yes 144 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes Yes Yes 145 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes Yes Yes 146 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes Yes Yes 147 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes Yes Yes 148 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes Yes Yes 149 trans-1233zd + water Yes Yes Yes 150 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes Yes Yes 151 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes Yes Yes 152 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes Yes Yes 153 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes Yes Yes

Example 154

Mixtures were prepared containing 98% by weight trans-HFO-1233zd with about 2 weight percent methanol. Several stainless steel coupons were soiled with mineral oil. Then these coupons were immersed in these solvent blends. The blends removed the oils in a short period of time. The coupons were observed visually and looked clean.

Examples 155-180

The steps of Example 154 are generally repeated for Examples 155-180, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Visually Clean 155 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 156 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 157 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 158 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 159 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 160 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 161 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 162 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 163 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 164 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 165 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 166 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 167 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 168 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 169 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 170 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 171 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 172 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 173 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 174 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 175 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 176 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 177 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 178 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 179 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 180 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes

Example 181

A solvent blend was prepared containing 98% by wt of trans-HFO-1233zd and 2% by wt of methanol. Kester 1544 Rosin Soldering Flux was placed on stainless steel coupons and heated to approximately 300-400° F., which simulates contact with a wave soldier normally used to solder electronic components in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. The coupons were then dipped in the solvent mixture and removed after 15 seconds without rinsing. Results show that the coupons appeared clean by visual inspection.

Examples 182-207

The steps of Example 181 are generally repeated for Examples 185-207, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Visually Clean 182 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 183 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 184 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 185 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 186 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 187 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 188 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 189 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 190 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 191 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 192 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 193 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 194 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 195 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 196 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 197 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 198 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 199 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 200 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 201 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 202 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 203 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 204 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 205 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 206 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 207 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes

Example 208

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 96 wt % of tr-1233zd and 4 wt % of n-pentane was charged to the flask and tr-1,2-dichloroethylene was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 19° C. at ambient pressure indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

wt % tr-1,2 wt % tr-1233zd n-pentane DCE Boiling Point (C.) 96.0 4.0 0.0 18.4 95.0 4.0 1.0 18.7 94.1 3.9 2.0 18.9 93.2 3.9 2.9 19.0 92.4 3.8 3.8 19.1 91.5 3.8 4.6 19.2 90.8 3.8 5.5 19.4 90.0 3.7 6.3 19.5 89.2 3.7 7.0 19.6 88.5 3.7 7.8 19.7 87.8 3.7 8.5 19.8 87.2 3.6 9.2 19.9 86.5 3.6 9.9 20.0 85.9 3.6 10.5 20.1 85.3 3.6 11.1 20.2 84.7 3.5 11.7 20.2 84.2 3.5 12.3 20.3 83.6 3.5 12.9 20.4 83.1 3.5 13.5 20.5 82.6 3.4 14.0 20.6 82.1 3.4 14.5 20.6 81.6 3.4 15.0 20.7 81.0 3.4 15.6 20.8 80.4 3.4 16.2 20.9 79.9 3.3 16.8 21.0

Example 209

An ebulliometer was used consisting of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 70 wt % of cis-1233zd and 30 wt % of tr-1,2-dichloroethylene was charged to the flask and isohexane was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 36.3° C. at a pressure of about 767 mmHg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

Boiling wt % cis-1233zd wt % tr-1,2 DCE Wt % Isohexane Point (° C.) 70.0 30.0 0.0 36.2 69.6 29.8 0.5 36.3 69.3 29.7 1.0 36.3 69.0 29.6 1.5 36.3 68.6 29.4 2.0 36.3 68.3 29.3 2.4 36.3 68.0 29.1 2.9 36.3 67.7 29.0 3.3 36.3 67.4 28.9 3.8 36.3 67.1 28.7 4.2 36.3 66.8 28.6 4.6 36.3 66.5 28.5 5.0 36.3 66.2 28.4 5.5 36.3 65.9 28.2 5.9 36.3 65.6 28.1 6.2 36.4 65.4 28.0 6.6 36.5 65.0 27.9 7.1 36.5 64.7 27.7 7.6 36.5 64.4 27.6 8.0 36.5 64.1 27.5 8.5 36.5

Example 210

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 70 wt % of cis-1233zd and 30 wt % of tr-1,2-dichloroethylene was charged to the flask and ethanol was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 35.8° C. at a pressure of about 767 mmHg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

wt % cis-1233zd wt % tr-1,2 DCE Ethanol Boiling Point (° C.) 70.0 30.0 0.0 36.0 69.5 29.8 0.8 35.9 69.0 29.6 1.5 35.8 68.5 29.3 2.2 36.0 68.0 29.1 2.9 35.9 67.6 29.0 3.4 35.9 67.1 28.8 4.1 35.9 66.7 28.6 4.7 35.8 66.2 28.4 5.4 35.8 65.8 28.2 6.0 36.0 65.4 28.0 6.6 36.0 65.0 27.9 7.1 36.1

Example 211

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 97 wt % of cis-1233zd and 3.0 wt % of methanol was charged to the flask and trans-1,2 dichloroethylene was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 33.87° C. at a pressure of about 750.50 mmHg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

Compositions with cis-1233zd/methanol/t-1,2-DCE wt % cis-1233zd wt % methanol wt % t-1,2-DCE B.P. (° C.) 0.970 0.030 0.000 34.61 0.961 0.030 0.010 34.61 0.951 0.029 0.019 34.61 0.943 0.029 0.028 34.59 0.934 0.029 0.037 34.55 0.926 0.029 0.045 34.50 0.918 0.028 0.053 34.45 0.911 0.028 0.061 34.39 0.903 0.028 0.069 34.33 0.896 0.028 0.076 34.27 0.890 0.028 0.083 34.22 0.883 0.027 0.090 34.18 0.877 0.027 0.096 34.14 0.870 0.027 0.103 34.11 0.864 0.027 0.109 34.08 0.859 0.027 0.115 34.05 0.853 0.026 0.121 34.02 0.848 0.026 0.126 34.01 0.842 0.026 0.132 33.99 0.837 0.026 0.137 33.98 0.832 0.026 0.142 33.96 0.827 0.026 0.147 33.95 0.822 0.025 0.152 33.94 0.818 0.025 0.157 33.93 0.813 0.025 0.161 33.91 0.809 0.025 0.166 33.91 0.805 0.025 0.170 33.90 0.801 0.025 0.175 33.89 0.797 0.025 0.179 33.89 0.793 0.025 0.183 33.89 0.789 0.024 0.187 33.88 0.785 0.024 0.191 33.87 0.781 0.024 0.194 33.87 0.778 0.024 0.198 33.88 0.774 0.024 0.202 33.89 0.771 0.024 0.205 33.89 0.768 0.024 0.209 33.88 0.764 0.024 0.212 33.88 0.761 0.024 0.215 33.88 0.758 0.023 0.218 33.89 0.755 0.023 0.221 33.88 0.752 0.023 0.224 33.89 0.749 0.023 0.227 33.90 0.747 0.023 0.230 33.90 0.744 0.023 0.233 33.88 0.741 0.023 0.236 33.86 0.738 0.023 0.239 33.88 0.736 0.023 0.241 33.89 0.733 0.023 0.244 33.90 0.731 0.023 0.247 33.90 0.728 0.023 0.250 33.91 0.725 0.022 0.253 33.91 0.722 0.022 0.256 33.93 0.719 0.022 0.259 33.94 0.716 0.022 0.262 33.95 0.713 0.022 0.264 33.95 0.711 0.022 0.267 33.95 0.708 0.022 0.270 33.96 0.706 0.022 0.272 33.97 0.703 0.022 0.275 33.97 0.701 0.022 0.277 33.99 0.698 0.022 0.280 34.00 0.696 0.022 0.282 34.00 0.694 0.021 0.285 34.00 0.692 0.021 0.287 34.01 0.690 0.021 0.289 34.05

Example 212

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 97 wt % of cis-1233zd and 3.0 wt % of methanol was charged to the flask and isohexane was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 34.00° C. at a pressure of about 754 mmHg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

Compositions with cis-1233zd/methanol/isohexane wt % cis-1233zd wt % methanol wt % isohexane B.P. (° C.) 97.000 3.000 0.000 34.73 96.382 2.981 0.637 34.70 95.780 2.962 1.258 34.67 95.192 2.944 1.864 34.62 94.619 2.926 2.454 34.57 94.060 2.909 3.031 34.54 93.515 2.892 3.593 34.48 92.982 2.876 4.143 34.44 92.461 2.860 4.679 34.39 91.953 2.844 5.203 34.34 91.456 2.829 5.715 34.31 90.971 2.814 6.215 34.29 90.496 2.799 6.705 34.28 90.032 2.785 7.183 34.25 89.578 2.770 7.651 34.23 89.134 2.757 8.109 34.21 88.700 2.743 8.557 34.19 88.274 2.730 8.996 34.17 87.858 2.717 9.425 34.15 87.450 2.705 9.846 34.13 87.050 2.692 10.258 34.13 86.659 2.680 10.661 34.12 86.275 2.668 11.057 34.09 85.899 2.657 11.444 34.07 85.531 2.645 11.824 34.06 85.169 2.634 12.197 34.07 84.815 2.623 12.562 34.06 84.468 2.612 12.920 34.04 84.127 2.602 13.272 34.04 83.792 2.592 13.616 34.02 83.464 2.581 13.955 34.02 83.141 2.571 14.287 34.03 82.825 2.562 14.613 34.02 82.514 2.552 14.934 34.00 82.209 2.543 15.248 34.01 81.910 2.533 15.557 34.01 81.615 2.524 15.861 34.02 81.326 2.515 16.159 34.02 81.042 2.506 16.452 34.03 80.762 2.498 16.740 34.03 80.488 2.489 17.023 34.03 80.218 2.481 17.301 34.01 79.952 2.473 17.575 34.03 79.691 2.465 17.844 34.03 79.435 2.457 18.109 34.06 79.182 2.449 18.369 34.04 78.934 2.441 18.625 34.05 78.689 2.434 18.877 34.05

Example 213

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of cis-1233zd was charged to the flask and petroleum ether was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 32.24° C. at a pressure of about 756.5 mm Hg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

Compositions with cis-1233zd/pet ether wt % cis-1233zd wt % pet. ether B.P. (° C.) 100.00 0.00 37.24 99.38 0.62 36.94 98.77 1.23 36.56 98.17 1.83 36.03 97.58 2.42 35.64 96.99 3.01 35.33 96.41 3.59 35.00 95.84 4.16 34.73 95.27 4.73 34.52 94.71 5.29 34.35 94.16 5.84 34.16 93.61 6.39 33.98 93.07 6.93 33.81 92.54 7.46 33.67 92.01 7.99 33.54 91.49 8.51 33.41 90.97 9.03 33.30 90.46 9.54 33.23 89.96 10.04 33.18 89.46 10.54 33.10 88.97 11.03 33.03 88.48 11.52 32.99 87.99 12.01 32.94 87.52 12.48 32.89 87.04 12.96 32.84 86.58 13.42 32.81 86.11 13.89 32.77 85.66 14.34 32.74 85.20 14.80 32.71 84.76 15.24 32.68 84.31 15.69 32.65 83.88 16.12 32.63 83.44 16.56 32.59 83.01 16.99 32.56 82.59 17.41 32.55 82.17 17.83 32.52 81.75 18.25 32.50 81.34 18.66 32.48 80.93 19.07 32.46 80.52 19.48 32.46 80.12 19.88 32.43 79.73 20.27 32.42 79.34 20.66 32.40 78.95 21.05 32.39 78.56 21.44 32.37 78.18 21.82 32.36 77.80 22.20 32.35 77.43 22.57 32.34 77.06 22.94 32.32 76.69 23.31 32.32 76.33 23.67 32.32 75.97 24.03 32.30 75.62 24.38 32.30 75.26 24.74 32.29 74.91 25.09 32.28 74.57 25.43 32.29 74.22 25.78 32.28 73.88 26.12 32.28 73.55 26.45 32.27 73.21 26.79 32.27 72.88 27.12 32.27 72.55 27.45 32.26 72.23 27.77 32.26 71.91 28.09 32.25 71.59 28.41 32.24 71.27 28.73 32.26 70.96 29.04 32.27 70.65 29.35 32.26 70.34 29.66 32.26 70.03 29.97 32.24 69.73 30.27 32.24 69.43 30.57 32.24 69.13 30.87 32.25 68.84 31.16 32.26 68.54 31.46 32.25 68.25 31.75 32.25 67.97 32.03 32.24 67.68 32.32 32.25 67.40 32.60 32.24 67.12 32.88 32.25 66.84 33.16 32.26 66.56 33.44 32.25 66.29 33.71 32.25 66.02 33.98 32.26 65.75 34.25 32.26 65.48 34.52 32.26 65.22 34.78 32.26 64.95 35.05 32.25 64.69 35.31 32.26 64.44 35.56 32.27 64.18 35.82 32.28 63.92 36.08 32.32 63.67 36.33 32.32 63.42 36.58 32.32 63.17 36.83 32.27 62.93 37.07 32.29 62.68 37.32 32.29 62.44 37.56 32.29 62.20 37.80 32.29 61.96 38.04 32.31 61.72 38.28 32.31 61.49 38.51 32.30 61.25 38.75 32.29 61.02 38.98 32.30 60.79 39.21 32.30 60.56 39.44 32.31 60.34 39.66 32.30 60.11 39.89 32.31 59.89 40.11 32.31 59.67 40.33 32.31 59.45 40.55 32.32 59.23 40.77 32.33 59.01 40.99 32.33 58.80 41.20 32.33 58.58 41.42 32.34 58.37 41.63 32.34 58.16 41.84 32.34 57.95 42.05 32.35 57.74 42.26 32.35 57.54 42.46 32.36 57.33 42.67 32.37 57.13 42.87 32.37

Example 214

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 72 wt % of cis-1233zd and 28 wt % of cyclopentane was charged to the flask and methanol was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 31.54° C. at a pressure of about 752 mmHg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

Compositions with cis-1233zd/methanol/cyclopentane wt % cis-1233zd wt % methanol wt % cyclopentane B.P. (° C.) 72 0 28 34.03 71.476 0.728 27.796 32.48 71.092 1.261 27.647 32.00 70.717 1.782 27.501 31.77 70.349 2.292 27.358 31.65 69.990 2.792 27.218 31.60 69.638 3.281 27.081 31.56 69.293 3.760 26.947 31.55 68.955 4.230 26.816 31.54 68.624 4.689 26.687 31.55 68.299 5.140 26.561 31.56 67.981 5.582 26.437 31.58 67.669 6.015 26.316 31.59 67.363 6.440 26.197 31.60 67.063 6.857 26.080 31.62 66.768 7.266 25.966 31.64 66.480 7.667 25.853 31.65 66.196 8.061 25.743 31.67 65.645 8.827 25.528 31.70 65.376 9.199 25.424 31.71 65.113 9.565 25.322 31.72 64.854 9.925 25.221 31.74 64.600 10.278 25.122 31.75 64.350 10.625 25.025 31.77 64.105 10.965 24.930 31.78 63.864 11.300 24.836 31.80 63.627 11.630 24.744 31.81 63.393 11.954 24.653 31.82 63.164 12.272 24.564 31.84 62.939 12.585 24.476 31.85 62.717 12.893 24.390 31.86 62.499 13.196 24.305 31.87 62.285 13.494 24.222 31.88 62.073 13.787 24.140 31.90 61.866 14.075 24.059 31.90 61.661 14.359 23.979 31.92 61.460 14.639 23.901 31.94 61.262 14.914 23.824 31.95 61.067 15.185 23.748 31.96

Example 215

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 78 wt % of cis-1233zd and 22 wt % of cyclopentane was charged to the flask and ethanol was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 34.12° C. at a pressure of about 763.5 mmHg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

Compositions with cis-1233zd/ethanol/cyclopentane wt % cis-1233zd wt % ethanol wt % cyclopentane B.P. (° C.) 78.000 0.000 22.000 34.45 77.573 0.547 21.880 34.24 77.019 1.258 21.723 34.12 76.480 1.949 21.571 34.15 76.086 2.454 21.460 34.18 75.700 2.949 21.351 34.23 75.322 3.434 21.245 34.25 74.951 3.909 21.140 34.27 74.588 4.374 21.038 34.29 74.233 4.830 20.937 34.31 73.884 5.277 20.839 34.32 73.543 5.715 20.743 34.34 73.207 6.144 20.648 34.36 72.879 6.566 20.556 34.38 72.556 6.979 20.465 34.39 72.240 7.385 20.375 34.41 71.930 7.783 20.288 34.42 71.625 8.173 20.202 34.44 71.326 8.557 20.118 34.45

Example 216

An ebulliometer was used that consisted of a small flask equipped with an automated dispenser and a condenser attached to the flask. The dispenser and the condenser were cooled by a circulating bath. About 10 cc of a mixture of 72 wt % of cis-1233zd and 28 wt % of cyclopentane was charged to the flask and isopropanol was added slowly to the flask using the automated dispenser. As shown in the Table below, it was seen that the boiling point of the mixture changed very slowly. Boiling point remained essentially constant around 34.30° C. at a pressure of about 748.2 mmHg indicating the formation of an azeotrope-like ternary mixture.

Compositions with cis-1233zd/isopropanol/cyclopentane wt % cis-1233zd wt % isopropanol wt % cyclopentane B.P. (° C.) 72 0 28 34.05 71.479 0.723 27.798 34.09 71.099 1.252 27.650 34.19 70.726 1.769 27.505 34.24 70.361 2.276 27.363 34.27 70.004 2.772 27.224 34.29 69.539 3.417 27.043 34.30 69.087 4.046 26.867 34.25 68.647 4.657 26.696 34.29 68.218 5.253 26.529 34.34

Examples 217-228

The steps of Example 31 are generally repeated for Examples 218-229, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol. Optionally, the aerosols have a different co-aerosol agent or no co-aerosol agent, and optionally have at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of deodorants, perfumes, hair sprays, cleaning solvents, lubricants, insecticides, and medicinal materials. Similar results are demonstrated.

Example Forms No. Azeotrope-like Composition Aerosol 217 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 218 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 219 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 220 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 221 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 222 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 223 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 224 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 225 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 226 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 227 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 228 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Examples 229-240

For Examples 230-241, the steps of Example 58 are generally repeated, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol, and instead of HFC-134a, a different co-aerosol or no co-aerosol is used. Optionally, the method of applying the azeotropic mixture as a cleaning agent is vapor degreasing or wiping instead of spraying. Optionally, the azeotropic mixture cleaning agent is applied neat. Optionally, the material to be cleaned is changed from solder flux to a mineral oil, silicon oil, or other lubricant. Similar results are demonstrated in each case.

Example Visually No. Azeotrope-like Composition Clean 229 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 230 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 231 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 232 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 233 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 234 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 235 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 236 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 237 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 238 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 239 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 240 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Examples 241-252

The steps of Example 85 are generally repeated for Examples 242-253, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example Oil No. Azeotrope-like Composition Deposited 241 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 242 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 243 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 244 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 245 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 246 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 247 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 248 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 249 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 250 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 251 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 252 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Examples 253-264

The steps of Example 112 are generally repeated for Examples 254-265, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example Good No. Azeotrope-like Composition Solvency 253 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 254 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 255 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 256 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 257 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 258 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 259 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 260 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 261 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 262 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 263 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 264 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Examples 265-289

The steps of Example 139 are generally repeated for Examples 266-290, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and trans-1,2-DCE.

Use as a Polyurethane Cell-gas of Blowing Foam and foam contains Example Agent Polyisocyanate Azeotrope- No. Azeotrope-like Composition Verified Foam Formed like Mixture 265 trans-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes Yes Yes 266 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes Yes Yes 267 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes Yes Yes 268 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes Yes Yes 269 trans-1233zd + methanol + pentane Yes Yes Yes 270 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes Yes Yes 271 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes Yes Yes 272 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes Yes Yes 273 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes Yes Yes 274 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes Yes Yes 275 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes Yes Yes 276 trans-1233zd + methanol Yes Yes Yes 277 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes Yes Yes 278 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes Yes Yes 279 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes Yes Yes 280 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes Yes Yes 281 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes Yes Yes 282 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes Yes Yes 283 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes Yes Yes 284 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes Yes Yes 285 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes Yes Yes 286 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes Yes Yes 287 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes Yes Yes 288 cis-1233zd + 1,2-DCE Yes Yes Yes 289 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes Yes Yes

Examples 290-301

The steps of Example 154 are generally repeated for Examples 291-302, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Visually Clean 290 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 291 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 292 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 293 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 294 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 295 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 296 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 297 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 298 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 399 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 300 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 301 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Examples 302-313

The steps of Example 181 are generally repeated for Examples 303-314, except that the azeotrope-like mixture identified in the Table below is used instead of trans-HFO-1233zd and methanol.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Visually Clean 302 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 303 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 304 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 305 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 306 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 307 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 308 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 309 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 310 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 311 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 312 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 313 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Example 314-352

Measured amount of commercial solder pastes are applied by a brush in printed circuit boards which are then reflowed as done in a commercial soldering operation. The circuit boards are dipped in a beaker using 100% the following azeotropic solvent blends to clean the boards. As indicated, each board looks visually clean after the operation.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Visually Clean 314 trans-1233zd + methanol Yes 315 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 316 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 317 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 318 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 319 Trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 320 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 321 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 322 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 323 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 324 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 325 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 326 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 327 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 328 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 329 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 330 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 331 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 332 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 333 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 334 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 335 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 336 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 337 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 338 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 339 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 340 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes 341 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 342 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 343 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 344 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 345 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 346 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 347 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 348 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 349 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 350 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 351 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 352 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Example 353-391

Pieces of fabrics are soiled by standard mineral oils, then 100% solutions of the azeotropic solvent blends below are used to clean the fabrics simulating a dry cleaning operation. Fabrics are visually clean after the operation. This indicates that these solvent blends can be used in dry cleaning application.

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition Visually Clean 353 trans-1233zd + methanol Yes 354 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 355 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 356 trans-1233zd + isohexane Yes 357 trans-1233zd + neopentane Yes 358 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane Yes 359 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE Yes 360 trans-1233zd + ethanol Yes 361 trans-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 362 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane Yes 363 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane Yes 364 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 365 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene Yes 366 trans-1233zd + methylal Yes 367 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate Yes 368 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 369 trans-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 370 cis-1233zd + methanol Yes 371 cis-1233zd + ethanol Yes 372 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Yes 373 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Yes 374 cis-1233zd + isohexane Yes 375 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Yes 376 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Yes 377 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Yes 378 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 379 cis-1233zd + neopentane Yes 380 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 381 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 382 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 383 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane Yes 384 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE Yes 385 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether Yes 386 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane Yes 387 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane Yes 388 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + cyclopentane Yes 389 trans-1233zd + isopentane Yes 390 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc Yes 391 trans-1233zd + water Yes

Example 392-430

This example illustrates that the 1233zd azeotropes of the present invention are useful as organic Rankin cycle working fluids.

The effectiveness of various working fluids in an organic Rankine cycle is compared by following the procedure outlined in Smith, J. M., et al., Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics; McGraw-Hill (1996). The organic Rankine cycle calculations are made using the following conditions: pump effience of 75%, expander efficiency of 80%, boiler temperature of 130° C., condenser temperature of 45° C. and 1000 W of heat supplied to the boiler. The thermal efficiency of each azeotrope is provided below:

Example Thermal No. Azeotrope-like Composition Efficiency 392 trans-1233zd + methanol within acceptable limits 393 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE within acceptable limits 394 trans-1233zd + n-pentane within acceptable limits 395 trans-1233zd + isohexane within acceptable limits 396 trans-1233zd + neopentane within acceptable limits 397 trans-1233zd + methanol/n-pentane within acceptable limits 398 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans-1,2-DCE within acceptable limits 399 trans-1233zd + ethanol within acceptable limits 400 trans-1233zd + isopropanol within acceptable limits 401 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane within acceptable limits 402 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane within acceptable limits 403 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane within acceptable limits 404 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene within acceptable limits 405 trans-1233zd + methylal within acceptable limits 406 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate within acceptable limits 407 trans-1233zd + n-hexane within acceptable limits 408 trans-1233zd + nitromethane within acceptable limits 409 cis-1233zd + methanol within acceptable limits 410 cis-1233zd + ethanol within acceptable limits 411 cis-1233zd + isopropanol within acceptable limits 412 cis-1233zd + n-hexane within acceptable limits 413 cis-1233zd + isohexane within acceptable limits 414 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane within acceptable limits 415 cis-1233zd + n-pentane within acceptable limits 416 cis-1233zd + nitromethane within acceptable limits 417 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE within acceptable limits 418 cis-1233zd + neopentane within acceptable limits 419 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + within acceptable trans-1,2-DCE limits 420 cis-1233zd + isohexane + within acceptable trans-1,2-DCE limits 421 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans-1,2-DCE within acceptable limits 422 cis-1233zd + methanol + isohexane within acceptable limits 423 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans-1,2-DCE within acceptable limits 424 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether within acceptable limits 425 cis-1233zd + methanol + cyclopentane within acceptable limits 426 cis-1233zd + ethanol + cyclopentane within acceptable limits 427 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + within acceptable cyclopentane limits 428 trans-1233zd + isopentane within acceptable limits 429 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc within acceptable limits 430 trans-1233zd + water within acceptable limits

Example 431-469

The coefficient of performance (COP) is a universally accepted measure of refrigerant performance, especially useful in representing the relative thermodynamic efficiency of a refrigerant in a specific heating or cooling cycle involving evaporation or condensation of the refrigerant. n refrigeration engineering, this term expresses the ratio of useful refrigeration to the energy applied by the compressor in compressing the vapor. The capacity of a refrigerant represents the amount of cooling or heating it provides and provides some measure of the capability of a compressor to pump quantities of heat for a given volumetric flow rate of refrigerant. In other words, given a specific compressor, a refrigerant with a higher capacity will deliver more cooling or heating power. One means for estimating COP of a refrigerant at specific operating conditions is from the thermodynamic properties of the refrigerant using standard refrigeration cycle analysis techniques (see for example, R. C. Downing, FLUOROCARBON REFRIGERANTS HANDBOOK, Chapter 3, Prentice-Hall, 1988).

A refrigeration/air conditioning cycle system is provided where the condenser temperature is about 150° F. and the evaporator temperature is about −35° F. under nominally isentropic compression with a compressor inlet temperature of about 50° F. COP and capacity is evaluated for the azeotropic compositions of the present invention and is reported in the table below:

Example No. Azeotrope-like Composition COP Capacity 431 trans-1233zd + methanol within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 432 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 433 trans-1233zd + n-pentane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 434 trans-1233zd + isohexane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 435 trans-1233zd + neopentane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 436 trans-1233zd + methanol/n- within within pentane acceptable acceptable limits limits 437 trans-1233zd + methanol/trans- within within 1,2-DCE acceptable acceptable limits limits 438 trans-1233zd + ethanol within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 439 trans-1233zd + isopropanol within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 440 trans-1233zd + 1-chloropropane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 441 trans-1233zd + 2-chloropropane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 442 trans-1233zd + cyclopentane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 443 trans-1233zd + cyclopentene within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 444 trans-1233zd + methylal within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 445 trans-1233zd + methyl acetate within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 446 trans-1233zd + n-hexane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 447 trans-1233zd + nitromethane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 448 cis-1233zd + methanol within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 449 cis-1233zd + ethanol within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 450 cis-1233zd + isopropanol within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 451 cis-1233zd + n-hexane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 452 cis-1233zd + isohexane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 453 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 454 cis-1233zd + n-pentane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 455 cis-1233zd + nitromethane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 456 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2-DCE within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 457 cis-1233zd + neopentane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 458 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + within within trans-1,2-DCE acceptable acceptable limits limits 459 cis-1233zd + isohexane + trans- within within 1,2-DCE acceptable acceptable limits limits 460 cis-1233zd + ethanol + trans- within within 1,2-DCE acceptable acceptable limits limits 461 cis-1233zd + methanol + within within isohexane acceptable acceptable limits limits 462 cis-1233zd + methanol + trans- within within 1,2-DCE acceptable acceptable limits limits 463 cis-1233zd + petroleum ether within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 464 cis-1233zd + methanol + within within cyclopentane acceptable acceptable limits limits 465 cis-1233zd + ethanol + within within cyclopentane acceptable acceptable limits limits 466 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + within within cyclopentane acceptable acceptable limits limits 467 trans-1233zd + isopentane within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 468 trans-1233zd + HFC-365mfc within within acceptable acceptable limits limits 469 trans-1233zd + water within within acceptable acceptable limits limits

Example 470-508

For thermoset spray foam application, a polyol (B Component) formulation is produced using 100 parts by weight of a polyol blend comprising a mannich base polyol, a polyether polyol, and an aromatic polyester polyol, 1.25 parts by weight of a silicone surfactant, 1.5 parts by weight water, 2.0 parts by weight of a tertiary amine catalyst, 0.05 parts by weight of an organometallic catalyst and 0.15 moles of a blowing agent. The azeotropes listed below are each evaluated as a blowing agent in such compositions.

The total B component composition is combined with 120.0 parts by weight of Lupranate M20S polymeric isocyanate using conventional high pressure spray foam processing equipment using typical processing pressures and temperatures. The results of each azeotrope are provided below. The resultant foam is each a good quality foam with a fine and regular cell structure. Foam reactivity is typical for a spray type foam.

Example Azeotrope-like Foam Cell Foam No. Composition Quality Structure Reactivity 470 trans-1233zd + methanol Good Good Good 471 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2- Good Good Good DCE 472 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Good Good Good 473 trans-1233zd + isohexane Good Good Good 474 trans-1233zd + neopentane Good Good Good 475 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good methanol/n-pentane 476 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good methanol/trans-1,2-DCE 477 trans-1233zd + ethanol Good Good Good 478 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good isopropanol 479 trans-1233zd + 1- Good Good Good chloropropane 480 trans-1233zd + 2- Good Good Good chloropropane 481 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good cyclopentane 482 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good cyclopentene 483 trans-1233zd + methylal Good Good Good 484 trans-1233zd + methyl Good Good Good acetate 485 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Good Good Good 486 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good nitromethane 487 cis-1233zd + methanol Good Good Good 488 cis-1233zd + ethanol Good Good Good 489 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Good Good Good 490 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Good Good Good 491 cis-1233zd + isohexane Good Good Good 492 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Good Good Good 493 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Good Good Good 494 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Good Good Good 495 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2- Good Good Good DCE 496 cis-1233zd + neopentane Good Good Good 497 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 498 cis-1233zd + isohexane + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 499 cis-1233zd + ethanol + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 500 cis-1233zd + methanol + Good Good Good isohexane 501 cis-1233zd + methanol + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 502 cis-1233zd + petroleum Good Good Good ether 503 cis-1233zd + methanol + Good Good Good cyclopentane 504 cis-1233zd + ethanol + Good Good Good cyclopentane 505 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + Good Good Good cyclopentane 506 trans-1233zd + isopentane Good Good Good 507 trans-1233zd + HFC- Good Good Good 365mfc 508 trans-1233zd + water Good Good Good

Example 509-547

For a panel foam, a polyol (B Component) formulation is produced using 100 parts by weight of a polyol blend comprising a polyether polyol and an aromatic polyester polyol, 1.5 parts by weight of a silicone surfactant, 2.0 parts by weight water, 2.0 parts by weight of a tertiary amine catalyst, 22 parts by weight of a flame retardant and 0.18 moles of blowing agent. The azeotropes listed below are each evaluated as a blowing agent in such compositions.

The total B component composition is combined with 143.0 parts by weight of Lupranate M20S polymeric isocyanate using conventional high pressure foam processing equipment. The results of each azeotrope are provided below. The resultant foams each are a good quality foam with a fine and regular cell structure. Foam reactivity was typical for discontinuous panel type foam.

Example Azeotrope-like Foam Cell Foam No. Composition Quality Structure Reactivity 509 trans-1233zd + methanol Good Good Good 510 trans-1233zd + trans-1,2- Good Good Good DCE 511 trans-1233zd + n-pentane Good Good Good 512 trans-1233zd + isohexane Good Good Good 513 trans-1233zd + neopentane Good Good Good 514 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good methanol/n-pentane 515 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good methanol/trans-1,2-DCE 516 trans-1233zd + ethanol Good Good Good 517 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good isopropanol 518 trans-1233zd + 1- Good Good Good chloropropane 519 trans-1233zd + 2- Good Good Good chloropropane 520 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good cyclopentane 521 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good cyclopentene 522 trans-1233zd + methylal Good Good Good 523 trans-1233zd + methyl Good Good Good acetate 524 trans-1233zd + n-hexane Good Good Good 525 trans-1233zd + Good Good Good nitromethane 526 cis-1233zd + methanol Good Good Good 527 cis-1233zd + ethanol Good Good Good 528 cis-1233zd + isopropanol Good Good Good 529 cis-1233zd + n-hexane Good Good Good 530 cis-1233zd + isohexane Good Good Good 531 cis-1233zd + cyclopentane Good Good Good 532 cis-1233zd + n-pentane Good Good Good 533 cis-1233zd + nitromethane Good Good Good 534 cis-1233zd + trans-1,2- Good Good Good DCE 535 cis-1233zd + neopentane Good Good Good 536 trans-1233zd + n-pentane + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 537 cis-1233zd + isohexane + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 538 cis-1233zd + ethanol + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 539 cis-1233zd + methanol + Good Good Good isohexane 540 cis-1233zd + methanol + Good Good Good trans-1,2-DCE 541 cis-1233zd + petroleum Good Good Good ether 542 cis-1233zd + methanol + Good Good Good cyclopentane 543 cis-1233zd + ethanol + Good Good Good cyclopentane 544 cis-1233zd + isopropanol + Good Good Good cyclopentane 545 trans-1233zd + isopentane Good Good Good 546 trans-1233zd + HFC- Good Good Good 365mfc 547 trans-1233zd + water Good Good Good

Having thus described a few particular embodiments of the invention, various alterations, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements, as are made obvious by this disclosure, are intended to be part of this description though not expressly stated herein, and are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only, and not limiting. The invention is limited only as defined in the following claims and equivalents thereto. 

1. A heat transfer composition comprising at least about 50% by weight of a ternary azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of from about 60 wt. % to about 88.0 wt. % cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, from about 2.0 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. % methanol and from about 10.0 wt. % to about 30.0 wt. % trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. 2.-12. (canceled)
 13. A blowing agent comprising the composition of claim
 1. 14. A blowing agent comprising at least about 5% by weight of a ternary azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of from about 60 wt. % to about 88.0 wt. % cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, from about 2.0 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. % methanol and from about 10.0 wt. % to about 30.0 wt. % trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
 15. A foamable composition comprising one or more components capable of forming foam and the composition of claim
 14. 16. A foam formed from the foamable composition of claim
 15. 17. A closed cell foam comprising the foam of claim
 16. 18. A sprayable composition comprising a material to be sprayed and a propellant comprising a ternary azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of from about 60 wt. % to about 88.0 wt. % cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, from about 2.0 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. % methanol and from about 10.0 wt. % to about 30.0 wt. % trans-1,2-dichloroethylene.
 19. The sprayable composition of claim 18 in the form of an aerosol.
 20. The sprayable composition of claim 18 wherein said material to be sprayed is selected from the group consisting of cosmetics, cleaning solvent, lubricants and medicinal materials.
 21. A solvent composition comprising a ternary azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of from about 60 wt. % to about 88.0 wt. % cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, from about 2.0 wt. % to about 3.0 wt. % methanol and from about 10.0 wt. % to about 30.0 wt. % trans-1,2-dichloroethylene. 22-62. (canceled)
 63. A solder flux cleaning composition comprising the composition of claim
 21. 64. A dry cleaning composition comprising the composition of claim
 21. 